Comparative nephrotoxic effects of gentamycin and tobramycin

To compare the nephrotoxic effects of two aminoglycosides namely, gentamycin and tobramycin on rabbits. Comparative study. Allama Iqbal Medical College Lahore, from January 2010 to December 2010. The serum levels of creatinine and electrolytes [sodium and potassium] were measured in different groups of rabbits [control group-A, gentamycin group B and tobramycin-group C]. Rabbits in group B and C received laboratory diet and 32 mg/kg/day of gentamycin and tobramycin were given through intramuscular [IM] route twice daily for 7 days. Blood samples were collected on day 1, 10, 16, and 22 of drug administration. Each rabbit of all groups was sacrificed on 22[nd] day of experiment. Kidneys were removed and histological examination of the 4 components of the renal tissue [glomeruli, tubules, blood vessels and interstitial tissue] was carried out. Level of serum creatinine was significantly increased in both experimental groups [B and C] as compared to the control group A. On the other hand, level of serum sodium was insignificantly increased in groups B and C, whereas level of serum potassium was significantly decreased in groups of rabbits receiving gentamycin and tobramycin as compared to control group. There was no significant difference in nephrotoxicity between gentamycin and tobramycin

Ototoxicidade, otoproteção e autodefesa das células ciliadas da cóclea / Ototoxycity, otoprotection and self defense of the coclear outer hair cells

Ototoxicoses são afecções provocadas por drogas medicamentosas de forma iatrogênica, comprometendo a função auditiva e/ou do sistema vestibular periférico. São caracterizadas por uma perda auditiva neurossensorial de mais de 25 dB em uma ou mais freqüências na faixa de 250 a 8000 Hz, com ou sem manifestações de vertigem ou desequilíbrio. Dentre as drogas ototóxicas as mais estudadas são os antibióticos aminoglicosídeos e antineoplásicos como a cisplatina que é largamente utilizada para o tratamento do câncer, tanto em adultos quanto em crianças. Estudos têm tentado identificar drogas que, associadas aos ototóxicos possam atuar como otoprotetores. Sabe-se que o mecanismo da ototoxicidade de aminoglicosídeos e da cisplatina está relacionado a alterações nos mecanismos antioxidantes das células ciliadas, principalmente as células ciliadas externas da cóclea. Além disso, existem relatos do fenômeno de autodefesa das células ciliadas externas a aminoglicosídeos e a cisplatina.

Effect of dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids on tobramycin induced nephrotoxicity.

Post fish oil(n-3 fatty acids) treatment (5mg/kg/day for 12 days) was effective in bringing the reversal of tobramycin (160mg/kg/day,ip for 12 days) induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats as was evident by normal urea, creatinine, cholesterol and inorganic phosphate levels in the serum of the treatment group compared with group receiving tobramycin only. The return of normal levels of alkaline and acid phosphatase in kidney homogenates of post fish oil treatment group also indicated the beneficial effect of dietary n-3 fatty acids(fish oil) more than n-6 fatty acids(olive oil).The results suggest that oral supplements of dietary n-3 fatty acids (fish oil) for nearly two weeks after tobramycin exposure is more beneficial than n-6 fatty acids (olive oil) as it results in reversal of nephrotoxicity induced by tobramycin.

Estabilidad y toxicología preclínica del sulfato de tobramincina inyectable producido en Cuba / Stability and preclinic toxicity of the injectable tobramycin sulphate produced in Cuba

Se estudio la estabilidad y la toxicología preclínica del sulfato de tobramicina inyectable (40 mg/mL), producido en Cuba, y se compararon nuestros resultados con el inyectable de importación. Este medicamento es un antibiótico bactericida cuyo uso con fines terapéuticos se indica en el tratamiento de diferentes enfermedades infecciosas, como son : septicemia, meningitis, enfermedades del sistema nervioso central y otras infecciones causadas por gérmenes sensibles. Los estudios indican una estabilidad satisfactoria para el medicamento, no se encontró diferencia significativa entre el de producción nacional y el de importación desde el punto de vista de toxicidad aguda

Nefrotoxicidad por aminoglucosidos / Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity

Se realizo un estudio prospectivo durante 18 meses (1990-1991) en el Hospital Pediatrico Docente "Jose Luis Miranda" de Santa Clara, con el objetivo de determinar el comportamiento de la nefrotoxicidad por aminoglucosidos y se realizaron complementarios al inicio y final del tratamiento. Se encontro cilindruria como hallazgo mas frecuente en el sedimento urinario. La creatinina serica se altero en el 10 porciento de los casos tratados con aminoglucosidos no combinados, y las mayores alteraciones se relacionaron con las altas dosis e intervalos frecuentes de administracion. La velocidad de filtracion glomerular se altero en el 16,7 porciento, y esto se relaciono con los mismos factores que alteraron la creatinina serica. La urea serica no se altero, y ningun paciente tuvo manifestaciones clinicas. Los intervalos de administracion poco frecuentes disminuyeron los costos hospitalarios por paciente hasta en un 50 porciento, y por concepto de examenes complementarios se ahorro un 70 porciento