Protocolo de Durán modificado en rehabilitación precoz de lesiones tendinosas flexoras de la mano / Modified Duran protocol in early rehabilitation of flexor tendon injuries of the hand

OBJETIVOS: conocer la efectividad del Protocolo de Durán Modificado en las Lesiones Tendinosas Flexoras de la Mano determinando el grado de discapacidad funcional en pacientes atendidos por el Servicio de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación del Hospital de Clínicas en el periodo agosto ­ diciembre de 2016. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: se incluyeron dos grupos paralelos: al primer grupo (9 pacientes) se aplicó el protocolo de Durán Modificado y al segundo (9 pacientes) el tratamiento rehabilitador convencional. La valoración de la funcionalidad fue a través de la fórmula de Strickland, el sistema de Bruck Gramcko y la Distancia Pulpejo-Palma. Se realizó en 36 sesiones de 30 minutos aproximadamente para cada modalidad terapéutica con la correspondiente evaluación al finalizar los 3 meses de terapia. RESULTADOS: los que realizaron el protocolo de Durán Modificado finalizaron el tratamiento con una funcionalidad excelente en 4 casos, bueno en 3 y regular en 2 según la fórmula de Strickland. Según el sistema de Buck Gramcko la funcionalidad fue excelente para 5 pacientes y regular para 4. Y finalmente con la evaluación de la distancia pulpejo - palma se determinó que 4 pacientes obtuvieron un rango excelente, 4 bueno y 1 regular. CONCLUSIONES: la aplicación del protocolo de Durán modificado como rehabilitación precoz en pacientes con lesiones tendinosas flexoras de la mano es de mayor efectividad que el tratamiento rehabilitador convencional siendo una herramienta que puede ser aplicada de manera temprana en pacientes postoperados por esta afección

OBJECTIVES: to determine the effectiveness of the Modified Duran Protocol on flexor tendon injuries of the hand determining the degree of functional disability in patients treated by the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at the Hospital de Clinicas during term August - December 2016.MATERIAL AND METHODS: we included two parallel groups: The Duran Modified protocol was applied on the first group (9 patients) and the Conventional Rehabilitation (9 patients) Treatment on the second. The assessment of the functionality was carried out with the formula Stricklan, Bruck Gramcko System and Pulpejo-Palma Distance. It was conducted in 36 sessions of approximately 30 minutes for each treatment modality with the corresponding evaluation at the end of 3 months of therapy. RESULTS: those who carried out the Modified Duran protocol completed treatment with excellent functionality in 4 cases, good in 3 and fair in 2 according to the formula Strickland. According Gramcko Buck system functionality was excellent for 5 patients and Fair for 4. Finally the evaluation of the pulpejo - palm distance showed that four patients had an excellent range, 4 good and 1 fair. CONCLUSIONS: the application the Modified Duran protocol as immediate rehabilitation in patients with flexor tendon injuries of the hand is more effective than conventional rehabilitation treatment being a tool that can be applied early in patients after surgery for this injury

Rotura aguda del tendón tibial anterior / Acute rupture of the tibialis anterior tendon

Resumen: Las roturas del tendón tibial anterior son lesiones infrecuentes, con diversas etiologías, que pueden causar déficits significativos en la funcionalidad del tobillo, lesiones a veces diagnosticadas tardíamente, siendo muchas veces la alteración de la marcha el síntoma que hace acudir al paciente a consulta médica. Seis semanas van a marcar el límite entre la lesión aguda y la crónica, precisando distintos enfoques terapéuticos, junto con otros parámetros como la edad, demanda funcional o patologías concomitantes. Objetivo: Presentar dos casos de rotura aguda, con distinta etiología, la técnica quirúrgica empleada y los resultados finales. Material y métodos: presentamos dos casos de rotura aguda del tendón tibial anterior en su zona crítica hipovascular, un varón y una mujer, con etiología postraumática y espontánea respectivamente, en las cuales se realizó reinserción tendinosa en el escafoides tarsiano con un tornillo de biotenodesis, seguido de una inmovilización con autorización de marcha a las tres semanas y posterior fisioterapia. Resultados: En ambos casos se obtuvo un resultado funcional satisfactorio, con una mejoría importante en la puntuación AOFAS, reincorporándose a sus actividades laborales y deportivas a los 3 y 4 meses de la cirugía, respectivamente, con un seguimiento de 7.5 años y 10 meses. Discusión: Esta técnica, dentro de la variedad descrita en la literatura, nos ha proporcionado excelentes resultados, restaurando la funcionalidad del tendón tibial anterior y mostrándose reproducible por su sencillez, proporcionando un alto grado de seguridad a la hora de realizar una fisioterapia precoz.

Abstract: Tibialis anterior tendon rupture is a relatively rare injury, with diverse etiologies, that can cause significant deficits in the functionality of the ankle. These injuries are sometimes diagnosed too late, being in many occasions the alteration in walking the symptom that makes the patient go to the doctor. The six weeks will mark the limit between acute and chronic injury, requiring different therapeutic approaches, along with other parameters such as age, functional demand or concomitant pathologies. Objective: To present two cases of acute rupture, with different etiology, the surgical technique used and the final results. Material and methods: We present two cases of acute rupture of the tibialis anterior tendon in the critical hipovascular area, a male and a female, with posttraumatic and spontaneous etiology, respectively, in which tendon reinsertion was performed on the tarsal scaphoid with a biothenodesis screw, followed by immobilization with permission to walk at three weeks and subsequent physiotherapy. Results: In both cases a satisfactory final functional result was obtained, with a significant improvement in the AOFAS score, returning to their work and sports activities at 3 and 4 months of surgery respectively, with a follow-up of 7.5 years and 10 months. Discussion: This technique, within the variety described in the medical literature, has provided us excellent results, restoring the functionality of the anterior tibialis tendon and being reproducible for its simplicity, providing a high degree of safety when performing an early physiotherapy.

Spontaneous rupture of the digital extensor tendons of the hand in unrecognized carpal lunatefracture / Ruptura espontánea de los tendones extensores de los dedos de la mano en una fractura oculta del semilunar

Abstract: Spontaneous rupture of the digital extensor tendons of the hand has been reported after Kienbock's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, Vaughan-Jackson' syndrome, distal radial fracture. Rupture may also occur as a consequence of unrecognized carpal lunate fracture. We present a case report of a man affected with spontaneous rupture of the digital extensor tendons secondary to unrecognized carpal lunate fracture with partial dorsal dislocation. The edges of the tendon were debrided and sutured using a locked modified Kessler suture. A dynamic splinting cast was applied in moderate extension of the wrist. The aim of this case report is to highlight that in absence of a clear etiology for rupture of the extensor tendons of the hand, carpal lunate fracture, though rare, is an important cause of spontaneous extensor tendons rupture.

Resumen: La ruptura espontánea de tendones extensores digitales de la mano ha sido reportado después de la enfermedad de Kienböck, artritis reumatoide, síndrome de Jackson Vaughan, fractura del radio distal. La lesión del tendón también puede ocurrir como consecuencia de la fractura no reconocida de carpal semilunar. En este artículo, se presenta un caso de un hombre que sufre de rotura espontánea del tendón extensor digital secundaria a fractura semilunar no reconocida de los huesos del carpo con luxación dorsal del fragmento parcial. Los bordes del tendón se han limpiado y se sutura usando una sutura de Kessler. Un refuerzo dinámico se aplicó en extensión moderada de la muñeca. El propósito de este caso clínico es poner de relieve que, en ausencia de una etiología clara de la ruptura de los tendones extensores de la mano, una fractura de los huesos del carpo semilunar puede ser una causa importante de la ruptura espontánea de los tendones extensores de la mano.

Trauma complexo da mão parte I: lesão vascular, lesão nervosa, lesão tendínea / Complex trauma of the hand, part I: vascular injury, nerve injury, tendon injury

O trauma da mão é uma das lesões mais frequentes nas emergências. O trauma complexo envolve lesões de múltiplas estruturas e tecidos da mão. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é esclarecer os conceitos envolvidos no estudo do paciente com trauma complexo da mão, mais especificamente, na avaliação inicial e manejo primário da mão traumatizada. Procuramos orientar a conduta dos médicos nas diversas situações clínico-cirúrgicas, que envolvem esta patologia, objetivando um julgamento rápido e adequado, interferindo positivamente no desenvolvimento natural da doença, como também nas sequelas decorrentes ao traumatismo. Nesta primeira parte, são abordados os fundamentos e conceitos considerados essenciais na abordagem do traumatismo da mão, lesão vascular, lesão nervosa e lesão tendínea, enfatizando os benefícios de uma conduta multifatorial e assertiva, abarcando as diversas disciplinas envolvidas no atendimento primário do paciente vítima de trauma (AU)

Trauma of the hand is one of the most frequent injuries in emergencies. Complex trauma involves injuries to multiple tissues and structures of the hand. The main purpose of this work is to clarify the concepts involved in the study of patients with complex trauma of the hand, more specifically, the initial assessment and primary management of the traumatized hand. We seek to guide the conduct of physicians in different clinical and surgical situations involving this pathology. Aiming for a quick and proper judgment, interfering positively with the natural development of the disease and also with sequelae resulting from trauma. In this first part the article discusses the fundamentals and concepts considered essential in the management of hand trauma, vascular injury, nerve injury and tendon injury, emphasizing the benefits of a multifactorial and assertive approach, covering the various disciplines involved in primary care of the trauma patient (AU)

A Comparison of Conventional Ultrasonography and Arthrosonography in the Assessment of Cuff Integrity after Rotator Cuff Repair

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to perform conventional ultrasonography, magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) and arthrosonography exams after rotator cuff repair to compare the results of conventional ultrasonography and arthrosonography with those of MRA as the gold standard. METHODS: We prospectively studied 42 consecutive patients (14 males, 28 females; average age, 59.4 years) who received arthroscopic rotator cuff repair due to full-thickness tears of the supraspinatus tendon from 2008 to 2010. The integrity assessment of the repaired rotator cuff was performed 6 months postoperatively using conventional ultrasonography, MRA, and arthrosonography. RESULTS: The diagnostic accuracy of the conventional ultrasonography compared to MRA was 78.6% and the McNemar test results were 0.016 in full-thickness tear and 0.077 in partial-thickness tear. The diagnostic accuracy of arthrosonography compared to MRA was 92.9% and the McNemar test results were 0.998 in full-thickness tear and 0.875 in partial-thickness tear. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that the integrity assessment of the repaired rotator cuff by ultrasonography must be guarded against and that arthrosonography is an effective alternative method in the postoperative integrity assessment. Also, an arthrosonography seems to be a suitable modality to replace the conventional ultrasonography.

Mini-Open Suture Bridge Repair with Porcine Dermal Patch Augmentation for Massive Rotator Cuff Tear: Surgical Technique and Preliminary Results

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to describe the mini-open suture bridge technique with porcine dermal patch augmentation for massive rotator cuff tear and to assess preliminary clinical and radiological results. METHODS: Five patients with massive rotator cuff tear for which it was not possible to restore the anatomical footprint underwent mini-open suture bridge repair using a porcine dermal patch. The patients' average age was 53.4 years (range, 45 to 57 years), and the average duration of follow-up was 20.6 months (range, 14 to 26 months). Patients were evaluated with preoperative and postoperative outcome measures, including a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) score, and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score. The structural integrity of repaired rotator cuffs was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The average VAS pain score, UCLA score, and ASES score improved from 6.8, 15.4, and 39.4 preoperatively to 0.8, 31.2, and 86.4 postoperatively (p = 0.041, 0.042, and 0.043, respectively). Magnetic resonance images obtained at an average of 8 months after surgery showed that four patients had intact repair integrity with graft incorporation. One patient had a re-tear with partial healing but still had a satisfactory clinical outcome. There was no intraoperative or postoperative complication in any patient. CONCLUSIONS: Mini-open suture bridge repair with porcine dermal patch augmentation can be an option in young patients with high physical demands and massive rotator cuff tears for which it is not possible to restore the anatomical footprint.

Anatomy, Variants, and Pathologies of the Superior Glenohumeral Ligament: Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Three-Dimensional Volumetric Interpolated Breath-Hold Examination Sequence and Conventional Magnetic Resonance Arthrography

The purpose of this review was to demonstrate magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography findings of anatomy, variants, and pathologic conditions of the superior glenohumeral ligament (SGHL). This review also demonstrates the applicability of a new MR arthrography sequence in the anterosuperior portion of the glenohumeral joint. The SGHL is a very important anatomical structure in the rotator interval that is responsible for stabilizing the long head of the biceps tendon. Therefore, a torn SGHL can result in pain and instability. Observation of the SGHL is difficult when using conventional MR imaging, because the ligament may be poorly visualized. Shoulder MR arthrography is the most accurately established imaging technique for identifying pathologies of the SGHL and associated structures. The use of three dimensional (3D) volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) sequences produces thinner image slices and enables a higher in-plane resolution than conventional MR arthrography sequences. Therefore, shoulder MR arthrography using 3D VIBE sequences may contribute to evaluating of the smaller intraarticular structures such as the SGHL.

Análisis de variabilidad inter e intra-observador en el diagnóstico artroscópico de lesión de SLAP / Evaluation of the intra and inter-observer variability for arthroscopic diagnosis of SLAP lesion

Introducción: La lesión de SLAP se encuentra en permanente estudio en todos sus aspectos. La tendencia actual en su diagnóstico es considerar fundamentalmente la evaluación artroscópica. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar la variabilidad intra e inter-observador en el diagnóstico artroscópico de la lesión de SLAP utilizando la clasificación de Snyder. Material y Método: 27 videos pertenecientes a pacientes con patología de SLAP fueron editados, mostrando la fase diagnóstica de la artroscopía de hombro, y enviados a 4 cirujanos ortopedistas especializados en artroscopía, a quienes se les solicitó determinar un diagnóstico respecto al labrum superior de acuerdo a la clasificación de Snyder. Finalmente, se obtuvo la variabilidad diagnóstica intra e inter-observador utilizando para ello el porcentaje de concordancia así como el coeficiente Kappa. Resultado: se analizaron 216 respuestas, entre los cirujanos con más de 5 años de experiencia obtuvimos una concordancia diagnóstica inter-observador (k) casi perfecto, mientras que respecto a los datos obtenidos de los fellowship resultó en una variabilidad moderada. En ambos grupos la mayor discordancia se encontró en las Lesiones SLAP Tipo I, con marcada diferencia respecto al resto, siendo en su mayoría sobre-diagnosticadas como lesiones Tipo II. Conclusión: Podemos decir que la variabilidad en el diagnóstico artroscópico tanto inter como intra-observador de la lesión SLAP disminuye considerablemente cuanto mayor experiencia posea el observador

Ruptura del pectoral mayor. ¿Cuándo opero ? / Major pectoralis tendon rupture

La ruptura del pectoral mayor es poco común y ocurre más frecuentemente en la práctica deportiva, relacionada con la contracción excéntrica con el hombro en abducción y rotación externa. Su rápido diagnóstico y tratamiento nos brindará mejores resultados. La resonancia magnética nuclear es el principal estudio. La elección de la terapia (quirúrgica o no) a utilizar estará relacionada con el tipo de lesión; según su ubicación, cronicidad de la misma y función muscular.

Is the Supraspinatus Muscle Atrophy Truly Irreversible after Surgical Repair of Rotator Cuff Tears?

BACKGROUND: Atrophy of rotator cuff muscles has been considered an irreversible phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether atrophy is truly irreversible after rotator cuff repair. METHODS: We measured supraspinatus muscle atrophy of 191 patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and postoperative multidetector computed tomography images, taken at least 1 year after operation. The occupation ratio was calculated using Photoshop CS3 software. We compared the change between pre- and postoperative occupation ratios after modifying the preoperative occupation ratio. In addition, possible relationship between various clinical factors and the change of atrophy, and between the change of atrophy and cuff integrity after surgical repair were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean occupation ratio was significantly increased postoperatively from 0.44 +/- 0.17 to 0.52 +/- 0.17 (p < 0.001). Among 191 patients, 81 (42.4%) showed improvement of atrophy (more than a 10% increase in occupation ratio) and 33 (17.3%) worsening (more than a 10% decrease). Various clinical factors such as age tear size, or initial degree of atrophy did not affect the change of atrophy. However, the change of atrophy was related to repair integrity: cuff healing failure rate of 48.5% (16 of 33) in worsened atrophy; and 22.2% (18 of 81) in improved atrophy (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: The supraspinatus muscle atrophy as measured by occupation ratio could be improved postoperatively in case of successful cuff repair.

Subluxation of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Tendon Associated with the Extensor Digitorum Tendon Subluxation of the Long Finger

A twenty-year-old male visited our clinic with wrist and long finger metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint pain. Dynamic ultrasonography revealed sagittal band (SB) ulnar subluxation and extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) volar subluxation. Magnetic resonance imaging showed longitudinal splitting and dislocation of the volar half slip of the ECU tendon. The redundant radial SB was augmented and ECU sheath was advanced to the periosteum using suture anchors. He was able to perform his previous activities at the last follow-up. We encountered a case of "simulateous" ECU dislocation with extensor tendon subluxation of the long finger at the MP joint. Therefore, we report this case with a review of the relevant literature.

Ecografía del tendón de Aquiles: de la imagen a la patología / Achilles tendon ultrasound: from image to the pathology

El tendón de Aquiles o calcáneo constituye la extensión tendinosa en la pantorrilla del gemelo, soleo y plantar delgado con inserción distal en la tuberosidad del calcáneo siendo el tendón más grueso y fuerte de todo el organismo. La ecografía contribuye a discernir el tipo de lesiones de los tendones, lo que permite establecer el tratamiento más adecuado. Tiene cuatro funciones principales: confirmar la existencia real de la lesión tendinosa, precisar la ubicación exacta de la misma, determinar la gravedad de la lesión y evaluar su carácter "activo" o de secuela. En este artículo trataremos de definir los aspectos ecográficos normales del tendón de Aquiles y sus lesiones más frecuentes: rupturas completas e incompletas, tendinitis, tendinosis y bursitis

Manejo actual de la lesión SLAP / SLAP injuries

El dolor de hombro es un motivo de consulta frecuente en pacientes deportistas de lanzamientos o pacientes que realizan actividades por encima de la cabeza, pudiendo ser la lesión SLAP el motivo de su disfunción. La cascada patológica que lleva a la lesión SLAP consiste en una combinación de contractura capsular posteroinferior y disquinesia escapular, que producirá el fenómeno de despegamiento o peel back de la inserción de la porción larga del bíceps, resultando en la desinserción del labrum superior e inestabilidad de la unidad funcional bíceps labrum. Las diferentes maniobras de examen físico varían en sensibilidad y especificidad por lo que es útil complementar el diagnóstico con RNM o artroRNM para demostrar la alteración anatómica, pero el diagnóstico definitivo lo dará la artroscopía. Muchas de las lesiones SLAP pueden requerir de tratamiento quirúrgico para la reinserción de la unidad funcional bíceps labrum y el tratamiento de patología asociada, pero aun es controvertido el tratamiento definitivo de la lesión SLAP.

Simultaneous rupture of bilateral quadriceps tendon and rotator cuff tear: un reporte de caso / Ruptura simultánea del tendón cuadriceps bilateral y desgarramiento del manguito rotador

This is a case report of a patient who sustained both a bilateral quadriceps tendon rupture and a complete rotator cuff tear. Overuse is a known risk factor for rotator cuff tears, but this case suggests that it can also be a risk factor for quadriceps tendon rupture.

Éste es un reporte de caso de un paciente que sufrió una ruptura del tendón quadriceps bilateral y desgarramiento total del manguito rotador. El uso excesivo es un factor de riesgo conocido del desgarramiento del manguito rotador, pero el presente caso sugiere que también pueda ser un factor de riesgo para la ruptura de tendón quadriceps.

Preliminary Application of High-Definition CT Gemstone Spectral Imaging in Hand and Foot Tendons

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of visualizing hand and foot tendon anatomy and disorders by Gemstone Spectral Imaging (GSI) high-definition CT (HDCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five patients who suffered from hand or foot pain were scanned with GSI mode HDCT and MRI. Spectrum analysis was used to select the monochromatic images that provide the optimal contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for tendons. The image quality at the best selected monochromatic level and the conventional polychromatic images were compared. Tendon anatomy and disease were also analyzed at GSI and MRI. RESULTS: The monochromatic images at about 65 keV (mean 65.09 +/- 2.98) provided the optimal CNR for hand and foot tendons. The image quality at the optimal selected monochromatic level was superior to conventional polychromatic images (p = 0.005, p 0.05), compression (chi2 = 0.5, p > 0.05), absence (chi2 = 0, p > 0.05) and rupture (chi2 = 0, p > 0.05). GSI was significantly less sensitive than MRI in displaying tendon adhesion (chi2 = 4.17, p < 0.05), degeneration (chi2 = 4.17, p < 0.05), and tendinous sheath disease (chi2 = 10.08, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: GSI with monochromatic images at 65 keV displays clearly the most hand and foot tendon anatomy and disorders with image quality improved, as compared with conventional polychromatic images. It may be used solely or combined with MRI in clinical work, depending on individual patient disease condition.

Aspectos de imagem na tendinite calcária pré-vertebral / Imaging findings in acute calcific prevertebral tendinitis

A tendinite calcária aguda pré-vertebral é uma condição benigna e rara que apresenta calcificação das fibras do músculo longo do pescoço com reação inflamatória local, sendo esta uma das formas de apresentação menos frequentes da doença por deposição de hidroxiapatita de cálcio. Manifesta-se com dor cervical aguda e/ou odinofagia, podendo ser erroneamente diagnosticada como abscesso retrofaríngeo, espondilodiscite ou alteração decorrente de trauma. Os achados radiológicos na tendinite calcária pré-vertebral são patognomônicos. O conhecimento de tais achados é muito importante, pois o correto diagnóstico possibilita a resolução precoce dos sintomas e evita intervenções desnecessárias em um paciente que apresenta afecção com boa resposta ao tratamento conservador.

Acute calcific prevertebral tendinitis is a benign and rare condition that presents calcification of the superior oblique fibers of longus colli muscle with local inflammatory reaction. Such condition is one of the less common presentations of calcium hydroxyapatite deposition disease. Clinical signs are usually acute neck pain and odynophagia, and it may be misdiagnosed as retropharyngeal abscess, spondylodiscitis or traumatic injury. The imaging findings in calcific prevertebral tendinitis are pathognomonic. The knowledge of such findings is extremely important to avoid unnecessary interventions in a patient presenting a condition with a good response to conservative treatment.

Avulsión bilateral del pectoral mayor: reporte de un caso / Pectoralis major muscle bilateral avulsion: case report

Resumen: Reportamos el caso de una patología infrecuente, paciente de 30 años, con avulsión completa del pectoral mayor izquierdo, que sufre 10 años después, avulsión completa contralateral. Ambas avulsiones completas fueron tratadas quirúrgicamente con reinserción anatómica de la lesión logrando el paciente retornar a su actividad deportiva previa

Early Surgical Repair of Acute Complete Rupture of the Proximal Hamstring Tendons

Hamstring injuries are common forms of muscle strains in athletes but a complete rupture of a proximal hamstring origin is rare. Often there is a considerable delay in diagnosis and stringent treatment because of its rarity, difficulty in clinical diagnosis, and initial attempts of conservative care. We report two cases of acute complete rupture of the proximal hamstring tendons treated with early surgical repair. The diagnosis and treatment of this unusual injury are discussed.

Lesão isolada do tendão do subescapular / Isolated lesions of the subscapularis tendon

OBJETIVOS: Analisar os resultados do tratamento cirúrgico de pacientes com lesão isolada do tendão do músculo subescapular. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 12 pacientes com lesão isolada do tendão do músculo subescapular submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico entre junho de 1987 a abril de 2005. Em 10 pacientes a lesão era de origem traumática. Oito eram do sexo masculino e quatro do feminino. O tempo de dor no período pré-operatório variou de três dias até 72 meses. Sete pacientes foram submetidos a tratamento artroscópico e cinco por cirurgia aberta. Sete possuíam lesão completa do tendão e cinco lesões parciais. RESULTADOS: A mobilidade no período pós-operatório dos pacientes passou de elevação média de 135º para 150º, a rotação lateral média de 60º para 50º e a rotação medial passou de média de T12 para T9. Os seis pacientes que praticavam esportes, retornaram ao nível de atividade prévio. Pelo método da UCLA, 11 pacientes tiveram resultados excelentes e bons. Houve associação de 33,3 por cento de lesão do tendão da cabeça longa do bíceps braquial. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento cirúrgico da lesão isolada do tendão subescapular propicia bons resultados e satisfação na parte dos pacientes.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the results of surgically treated patients with isolated subscapularis tendon injuries. PATIENTS E METHODS: Twelve patients with isolated tears of the subscapularis muscle tendon surgically treated between June 1987 and April 2005 were evaluated. Ten patients had traumatic injuries. Eight patients were males and four females. The duration of preoperative pain ranged from three days to 72 months. Seven patients were submitted to arthroscopic procedures and five to open surgical ones. Seven had complete tendon ears while five showed partial injuries. RESULTS: The mean range of motion of the patients has improved from pre-operative to final evaluation from 135º to 150º of forward lifting, from 60º to 50º of lateral rotation, and from T12 to T9 for medial rotation. Six patients returned to their pre-injury level of sports activity. Using the UCLA score, 11 patients showed excellent or good results. 33.3 percent of the cases were associated to injuries of the long head of the brachial biceps. CONCLUSION: Isolated tears of the subscapularis tendon addressed with surgery lead to good outcomes and patient satisfaction.

A utilização de enxerto alógeno nas reconstruções ligamentares do joelho / Use of allograft in ligamentar reconstruction of knee

INTRODUÇÃO: A utilização de enxerto alógeno é um tema que há décadas desperta interesse dos ortopedistas devido às supostas vantagens que apresenta, como diminuição do tempo cirúrgico, maior tamanho de enxerto, ausência de morbidade do sítio doador. OBJETIVO: O artigo a seguir faz análise retrospectiva da casuística do grupo de joelho do IOT-HC-FMUSP no uso de enxerto de banco de tecido próprio para reconstruções ligamentares. Serão apresentados as indicações de uso de enxerto alógeno e qual tipo de enxerto foi utilizado para cada tipo de reconstrução ligamentar. MÉTODOS: Foram revisados prontuários de 46 pacientes. RESULTADOS: Usados como enxerto 30 unidades de tendão patelar, 09 unidades de tendão tibial anterior, 08 unidades de tendão calcâneo, 06 unidades de tendão quadriceptal e 01 unidade de tendão fibular e foram usados principalmente para reconstruções multi-ligamentares e revisões de reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior. CONCLUSÃO: O uso de enxerto alógeno mostrou-se uma interessante opção para as reconstruções ligamentares.

INTRODUCTION: The use of allograft is a matter of huge interest for orthopaedic surgeons, due to the supposed advantages with its use, like decreased surgical time, larger grafts and no donator site morbidity. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this article was to review our experience with the use of allografts on ligament reconstruction. We present the technique applied for graft harvest, preparation and storage, as well as the indications for allograft use and the type of procedure in which it was applied. METHODS: We revised the records of 46 patients. RESULTS: We used 09 patellar tendons, 09 anterior tibial tendons, 08 calcaneal tendons, 06 quadriceptal tendons and 01 fibular tendon, mainly for multiple ligamentar reconstructions and ACL reviews. CONCLUSION: The use of allograft seems to be an interesting option for ligamentar reconstruction.