Urogenital tuberculosis in a patient with end-stage renal disease

Abstract Tuberculosis is one of the most common infections worldwide with particularly high incidence rates in countries with unfavorable socioeconomic conditions and among persons with impaired immune systems. While most patients with this disease will present with pulmonary tuberculosis, immunocompromised individuals also commonly present with extrapulmonary manifestations. We report the case of a 28-year-old male patient with end-stage renal disease who presented with long-standing systemic symptoms and genitourinary manifestations, who was diagnosed with urogenital tuberculosis both by clinical and microbiologic criteria. Clinicians should always suspect tuberculosis in patients with chronic symptoms, especially in those with immunosuppression.

Vulvar tuberculosis-A rare manifestation of the disease / Tuberculose vulvar - Uma manifestação rara da doença

Abstract Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. According to data from the World Health Organization, this disease remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Although it most commonly affects the lungs, tuberculosis can compromise any organ. The present study reports a rare case of vulvar tuberculosis in a postmenopausal woman with a history of asymptomatic pulmonary and pleural tuberculosis, with no prior documented contact with the bacillus. Diagnosis was based on vulvar lesion biopsies, with histological findings suggestive of infection and isolation of M. tuberculosis by microbiological culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) essays. The lesions reverted to normal after tuberculostatic therapy.

Resumo A tuberculose é uma doença infeciosa causada pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis. De acordo com dados da Organização Mundial de Saúde, esta doença mantém-se entre as principais causas demorte nomundo. Embora afetemais frequentemente os pulmões, a tuberculose pode comprometer qualquer órgão. O presente artigo relata um caso raro de tuberculose vulvar numa mulher na pós-menopausa, com antecedentes de tuberculose pleural e pulmonar assintomática, sem contato documentado com o bacilo. O diagnóstico foi feito com base na biópsia da lesão vulvar, com achados histológicos sugestivos da infeção e isolamento do M. tuberculosis pormeios de cultura e pela técnica da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Após terapêutica tuberculostática, as lesões reverteram.

Genito-urinary tuberculosis revisited - 13 years' experience of a single centre.

Background: Tuberculosis had been declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as ‘public health emergency’ in 1993. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (E.P.T.B.) comprises 20-25% total burden of the disease in which genitourinary tuberculosis (G.U.T.B.) is 4%. Timely diagnosis and treatment will prevent the sequelae of this disease. Aims: To know the varied clinical presentations, diagnostic modalities and management of G.U.T.B. Methods: During a 13-year-period, 117 retrospective cases of GUTB were admitted in the tertiary care centre. They were analyzed for clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities and management. Results: Young patients mainly in third decade of life were commonly affected with higher incidence in females. In our study, the most common presentation was irritative voiding symptoms (66.47%) followed by haematuria (47.60%). Although it can affect the entire organ in genito-urinary system but, in the present study, kidney was the most affected organ (64.9%) following ureter (27.35%), urinary bladder (17.09%), prostate (3.4%) and epididymis (5.19%). In this study, we had not encountered any case of testicular and penile tuberculosis. Among the different diagnostic modalities in this study, the diagnostic positivity rate was 41.6% for the urine AFB test, 55.4% for the urine M. tuberculosis culture test and 67.7% for PCR. Chest x-ray was positive in 25.6% (30). ESR was raised in 62.5% and Mantoux test was positive in 61.2% patients. Conclusion: A high index of suspicion and a wide range of investigations may be required to achieve a complete diagnosis of genitourinary tuberculosis. Though short course chemotherapy with four-drug-regimen for sixmonth- duration is the mainstay of treatment, surgical interventions were required in 60% of cases of this study.

Review of genitourinary tuberculosis with focus on end-stage renal disease / Revisão acerca da tuberculose genitourinária com foco na insuficiência renal crônica terminal

Tuberculosis (TB) is a current public health problem, remaining the most common worldwide cause of mortality from infectious disease. Recent studies indicate that genitourinary TB is the third most common form of extra-pulmonary disease. The diagnosis of renal TB can be hypothesized in a non-specific bacterial cystitis associated with a therapeutic failure or a urinalysis with a persistent leukocyturia in the absence of bacteriuria. We report on the case of a 33-year-old man who presented on admission end stage renal disease (ESRD) secondary to renal TB and a past history of pulmonary TB with important radiologic findings. The diagnosis was based on clinical findings despite all cultures being negative. Empiric treatment with tuberculostatic drugs was started and the patient became stable. He was discharged with no symptom, but without renal function recovery. He is on maintenance hemodialysis three times a week. TB is an important cause of kidney disease and can lead to irreversible renal function loss.

A tuberculose (TB) é um problema atual de saúde pública, persistindo como a causa mais comum de óbito por doenças infecciosas. Estudos recentes indicam que a TB genitourinária é a terceira forma mais comum de doença extra-pulmonar. O diagnóstico da TB renal pode ser suspeito na presença de cistite bacteriana não-específica associada a falha terapêutica ou com exame de urina apresentando leucocitúria persistente na ausência de bacteriúria. Relatamos o caso de um paciente de 33 anos, sexo masculino, que apresentou na admissão insuficiência renal crônica terminal secundária à TB renal, que tinha história prévia de TB pulmonar, com importantes achados radiológicos. O diagnóstico foi baseado nos achados clínicos apesar de todas as culturas terem sido negativas. Tratamento empírico com drogas tuberculostáticas foi iniciado e o paciente evoluiu estável. Foi de alta assintomático, mas sem recuperação da função renal. Ele encontra-se em hemodiálise três vezes por semana. A TB é uma causa importante de doença renal e pode levar à perda irreversível da função renal.

Antituberculous therapy-induced toxicity.

Antituberculous drugs are generally safe but can occasionally be associated with life-threatening complications. This is a case report of neurotoxicity, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and drug fever, occurring in a patient after initiation of antituberculous therapy (ATT).

Tuberculosis genitourinaria en la Araucania: experiencia en el Hospital Regional de Temuco / Genitourinary tuberculosis at Araucanía: experience at Hospital Regional de Temuco

Se estudian 62 casos con tuberculosis genitourinaria tratados entre 1989 y 1996. Corresponden a 41 hombres y 21 mujeres con un promedio de edad de 42,6 años. El 58,1 por ciento habita en localidad rural y un 37,1 por ciento tiene ascendencia mapuche. El 32,3 por ciento tiene antecedentes de tuberculosis anterior o concomitante. La latencia entre inicio de síntomas y diagnóstico fue de 13,1 meses, debutando el cuadro principalmente con hematuria macróscopica (45,2 por ciento), irritación vesical (44,9 por ciento) y dolor y/o aumento de volumen escrotal. La confirmación diagnóstica fue realizada en un 83,9 por ciento mediante cultivo y/o biopsia. Urocultivo de Koch fue positivo en un 69,4 por ciento. En el 90 por ciento la ecotomografía renal y un 74 por ciento la pielografía endovenosa resultaron alteradas, siendo el órgano más afectado el riñón. Fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente 21 pacientes (33,9 por ciento). En 11 casos la evolución fue hacia una insuficiencia renal crónica. Todos recibieron tratamiento médico con esquema abreviado de 7 meses

TBC genitourinaria: 10 años de experiencia / Genitourinary tuberculosis: review over 10 years

Entre 1979 y 1989 hemos tratado a 129 pacientes portadores de TBC génitourinaria, con 3 esquemas de quimioterapia acortada, con duración aproximada de 7-8 meses cada uno. Todos incluyen RMP, HIN, SM y PZ. Lográndose un 98% de éxito bacteriológico. El tiempo de seguimiento promedio fue de 3 años con un rango entre 3 meses y 6 años, 27 pacientes necesitaron algún tipo de cirugía: en 13 con fines diagnósticos antes del tratamiento y en 14 durante o luego de finalizada la quimioterapia; en 8 de ellos fue de tipo reparadora o conservadora y en 6 fue resectiva. En general los efectos adversos de la quimioterapia fueron menores, siendo los más frecuentes alergia a alguno de los fármacos, gastritis y ototoxicidad. Concluímos que con la quimioterapia acortada se pueden obtener buenos resultados, en tuberculosis génitourinaria, similares a los obtenidos previamente utilizando la quimioterapia clásica