Abnormalities of the hallux skin and nail in the course of very rare arteriovenous malformation / Anormalidades de unha e pele do hálux no decorrer de malformação arteriovenosa muito rara

Abstract Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are usually found in the pelvic area and the brain. These vascular anomalies are rarely reported in the toes. AVMs in the toes may be asymptomatic, but can also cause atypical symptoms. Congenital AVMs can expand as patients age and manifest in adulthood. They may be provoked by injury. Acquired AVM might be caused by iatrogenic factors, venous or arterial catheterization, percutaneous invasive vascular procedures, surgery, or degenerative vascular disorders. An AVM can damage surrounding tissues and can cause destruction of skin, nails and bones. The course of the disease is often unpredictable and diagnosis is usually delayed as a result.

Resumo As malformações arteriovenosas (MAVs) são geralmente encontradas na região pélvica e no cérebro.. Essas anomalias vasculares raramente são relatadas nos dedos dos pés. A MAV nesse local pode ser assintomática ou apresentar sintomas atípicos. MAVs congênitas podem evoluir com a idade e se manifestar na idade adulta. O fator provocante pode ser uma lesão traumática. Uma MAV adquirida pode ser causada por fatores iatrogênicos, cateterismo venoso e arterial, procedimentos percutâneos vasculares invasivos, cirurgias e alterações degenerativas vasculares. A MAV pode danificar tecidos adjacentes e pode causar destruição de pele, unhas e ossos. O curso da doença é muitas vezes imprevisível, e como resultado, atrasar o diagnóstico.

Finger nail abrasions in manual strangulation (throttling).

Autopsy surgeons, often observed that the nail abrasions produced over the neck of victims in manual strangulation are almost straight and do not resemble the shape of nails, which are semi-circular/cresentic. A study is undertaken to know the reason for the same. During the study it is observed that the skin gets stretched while the assailant is applying pressure and only then nails produce indentations. Once the pressure is removed the stretched skin reverts back to its original position. Thus the semicircular indentations caused over the stretched skin appear straight after the skin regains its original position.

Human nail growth pattern and medicolegal aspect.

Among the body tissues nails are known to resist decomposition and disintegration. As such the study undertaken on the nails pattern and growth are presented. The idea came from the ink mark applied during the election voting. In 153 cases the growth rate in different fingers was recorded and statistically analyzed. The results are tabulated. It is possible that identity of the person can be established by growth pattern, unusual marks and history of trimming the nails etc. During the study it was observed that cutting of the nails encourages the growth. If allowed to grow the growth is retarded proportionately. Study was done from March 2000 to June 2000.

Patologia de la lunula / Pathology of the lunula

Se realiza una breve introduccion sobre anatomia y aspectos fisiologicos de la lunula.Luego se consideran los distintos cambios que se puedan observar en ella:color,forma y tamanio,distribucion y superficie,y las causas qie cita el estudio de la literatura