The influence of a doppler ultrasound in arteriovenous fistula for dialysis failure related to some risk factors / Influência da Ultrassonografia Doppler nas Falhas de Fístulas Arteriovenosas de Diálise Relacionada a Alguns Fatores de Risco

ABSTRACT Introduction: The increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease has increased the demand for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) care. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between some risk factors for AVF failure (advanced age, female sex, diabetes, obesity, central venous catheter, previous fistula, and hospitalization) and having a Doppler ultrasound performed preoperatively. Methods: A prospective study was performed with 228 dialysis patients from Imperatriz, Maranhão. Half of the sample was randomly selected to receive preoperative Doppler ultrasound and the other half did not, from the period of October 2016 to September 2018. Results: There were 53 total failures corresponding to 23.2% of our sample, which is almost double that of the patients in the clinical group. Considering the failures and risk factors associated with the overall sample, there was a statistically significant association between a central venous catheter on the same side of the AVF with P = 0.04 (Odds Ratio 1.24) and obesity with P = 0.05 (Odds Ratio 1.36), which was not repeated in the Doppler ultrasound group individually. There was no statistically significant difference between the Doppler group and clinical group with respect to the amount of days of previous AVF hospitalization and failure. Conclusions: We concluded that the reduction of failures with an introduction of the Doppler was statistically significant in the overall sample, but establishing a relationship between specific risk factors and failure was only possible with two of the risk factors in the study - obesity and central venous catheter on the same side of the AVF.

RESUMO Introdução: A crescente prevalência de doença renal crônica aumentou a demanda por confecção de fístula arteriovenosa (FAV). O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a relação entre alguns fatores de risco para falha da FAV (idade avançada, sexo feminino, diabetes, obesidade, cateter venoso central, fístula prévia e hospitalização) e a realização de ultrassonografia Doppler no pré-operatório. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo com 228 pacientes em diálise em Imperatriz, MA. Metade da amostra foi randomizada para receber ultrassonografia Doppler no pré-operatório. A outra metade dos pacientes não foi submetido a exame ultrassonográfico. O estudo incluiu pacientes atendidos no período de outubro de 2016 a setembro de 2018. Resultados: Houve 53 falhas (23,2%) em nossa amostra, quase o dobro do número dos pacientes no grupo clínico. Considerando as falhas e os fatores de risco associados à amostra geral, houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre catéter venoso central do mesmo lado da FAV (P = 0,04; Razão de Chances: 1,24) e obesidade (P = 0,05; Razão de Chances: 1,36), o que não foi reproduzido no grupo de ultrassonografia Doppler individualmente. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o grupo Doppler e o grupo clínico em relação à quantidade de dias de internação e falha da FAV. Conclusões: A redução de falhas com a introdução do Doppler foi estatisticamente significativa na amostra geral, mas só foi possível estabelecer uma relação entre fatores de risco específicos e falha em dois dos fatores estudados, obesidade e catéter venoso central no mesmo lado da FAV.

Identification of right ventricular infarction in acute inferior wall myocardial infarction by tissue doppler imaging

It's important to identify patient with dominant right ventricular infarction with inferior wall MI in which right ventricular dysfunction is primarily responsible for development of hypotension and cardiogenic shock Jacob, et al., 2000.Aim to assess tissue Doppler imaging is a useful method for the detection of the right ventricular myocardial infarction in patients with acute inferior wall myocardial infarction. Thirty patients, nine females and twenty-one males, admitted to [CCU] at Al-Hussein University Hospital between December 2009 and July 2010, classified into 2 groups, group A 15 without RVI and group B 15 with RVI plus Control group C Ten healthy individuals ;following scheme. History, risk factors, Clinical examination, 12 leads ECG ,Cardiac enzyme and Echocardiography was performed within 48 hours after the MI. As the following. Left ventricular ,Right ventricular study,Pulsed Tissue Doppler parameters show statistically significant difference between groups in JVP, Blood pressure ,cardiac enzymes, Right ventricular ejection fraction ,tricuspid annular motion ,Tricuspid regurgitation, Myocardial systolic velocity, Myocardial early diastolic velocity, Myocardial late diastolic velocity ,Isometric contraction time Jsometric relaxation time, Ejection time, myocardial performance index. The right ventricular MPI increases in patients with RVMI when accompanied by acute inferior wall MI .So RVMI could be diagnosed and predicted correctlyby the use of these Tissue Doppler imaging which are easily obtained

Hand osteoarthritis: correlation between functional evaluation, imaging and disease activity

This study aimed at investigating the relationship between functional evaluation, imaging and disease activity in hand Osteoarthritis. Twenty-five patients fulfilling the ACR criteria for classification of hand osteoarthritis were enrolled in this study. Full demographic data was obtained and all patients underwent thorough rheumatologic examination which included tender joint count as well as node count. The patients completed the AUSCAN questionnaire. Grip and pinch strength was measured bilaterally. Postero-anterior hand radiographs were taken and power doppler ultrasonography was performed on both hands. They all had ESR and ultrasensitive CRP measured. Seventeen patients [68%] had tender joints, 22 patients [88%] had nodes. Kellgren-Lawrence grading of the x-rays ranged from 2- 4. Grip and pinch strength were not correlated with OA severity or disease activity. Seventeen patients [68%] had positive power doppler findings indicative of synovitis. There was no correlation between doppler findings and hand function. Twenty-three patients [92%] had elevated ESR and twenty-four patients [96%] had elevated ultrasensitive CRP. There was a positive correlation between CRP and OA severity. However, CRP did not correlate with hand function. Tender joint count was positively correlated with pain, stiffness and functional disability [AUSCAN]. Tender joints also correlated with ESR. There was no correlation between tender joint count and power doppler findings. Tender joint count correlates well with lab findings and AUSCAN scoring. However, hand function measured both objectively and subjectively does not correlate with acute phase reactants or power doppler ultrasonography and radiographic findings in hand OA. It seems that hand function does not reflect disease activity or severity

Comparative Analysis of Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine and Artificial Neural Network for the Differential Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Solid Breast Tumors by the Use of Three-Dimensional Power Doppler Imaging

OBJECTIVE: Logistic regression analysis (LRA), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and a neural network (NN) are commonly used statistical models in computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) systems for breast ultrasonography (US). The aim of this study was to clarify the diagnostic ability of the use of these statistical models for future applications of CAD systems, such as three-dimensional (3D) power Doppler imaging, vascularity evaluation and the differentiation of a solid mass. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A database that contained 3D power Doppler imaging pairs of non-harmonic and tissue harmonic images for 97 benign and 86 malignant solid tumors was utilized. The virtual organ computer-aided analysis-imaging program was used to analyze the stored volumes of the 183 solid breast tumors. LRA, an SVM and NN were employed in comparative analyses for the characterization of benign and malignant solid breast masses from the database. RESULTS: The values of area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, referred to as Az values for the use of non-harmonic 3D power Doppler US with LRA, SVM and NN were 0.9341, 0.9185 and 0.9086, respectively. The Az values for the use of harmonic 3D power Doppler US with LRA, SVM and NN were 0.9286, 0.8979 and 0.9009, respectively. The Az values of six ROC curves for the use of LRA, SVM and NN for non-harmonic or harmonic 3D power Doppler imaging were similar. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic performances of these three models (LRA, SVM and NN) are not different as demonstrated by ROC curve analysis. Depending on user emphasis for the use of ROC curve findings, the use of LRA appears to provide better sensitivity as compared to the other statistical models.

Torsión aguda del cordón espermático: la rotación de la cuerda importancia de su observación / Acute spermatic cord torsion: importance in the observation of the cord rotation

Objetivo. Demostrar que la visualización directa de la cuerda espermática y sus alteraciones en pacientes con un cuadro escrotal agudo permite diagnosticar con alta certeza una torsión testicular, evitando los resultados falsos negativos de los signos indirectos, en especial del estudio Doppler cuando este demuestra flujo intratesticular. Material y métodos. En 6 pacientes con cuadro clínico de torsión y en quienes se detectó flujo intratesticular al examen Doppler (falso negativo para torsión) se efectuó además del examen convencional, el estudio dirigido a la cuerda espermática con traductores lineales de alta resolución para objetivar sus alteraciones en el lado sistomático y su normalidad en el lado asistomático. Resultados. En todos los pacientes se logró demostrar una rotación anómala en la cuerda espermática del lado afectado, cuyas características morfológicas se describen. Se observó además en este lado alteraciones en el flujo venoso determinado por la dificultad en su entorno. Conclusión. La torsión de la cuerda espermática es comúnmente denominada torsión testicular aun cuando la torsión primaria ocurre en el cordón. La exploración ha sido generalmente orientada al estudio del testículo con particular importancia de Doppler, con resultados equívocos en algunas ocaciones. Los cambios estructurales del testículo son poco confiables y de tardía manifestación en el curso de la enfermedad. La demostración de la rotación de la cuerda espermática es un signo directo para torsión altamente confiable para el diagnóstico, especialmente en presencia de flujo intratesticular a la exploración Doppler

Cirugía videoscópica de perforantes en el tratamiento de las úlceras venosas / Videoscopic surgery of perforating in the treatment of venous ulcers

Objetivo: presentar nuestra experiencia con la técnica de cirugía videoscópica en el tratamiento de la úlcera venosa. Material y métodos: se analizó de manera retrospectiva una serie seleccionada de casos consecutivos de pacientes portadores de incompetencia de perforantes directas de la pierna. Veintidos enfermos fueron incluidos en éste trabajo. Todos ellos reunían los criterios de selección para ser agrupados en la clase V de la clasificación CEAP. Siete pertenecían al sexo masculino y quince al sexo femenino, con edad promedio de 52,18 (r38 - 67). El 41 por ciento de los casos habían presentado recurrencia ulcerosa, y el tiempo medio de cicatrización antes de su cirugía fue de 6 meses. Se interrumpieron 2,77 (r1 - 5) venas perforantes por intevención. Resultados: en un 86 por ciento se pudo sortear la fusión músculo aponeurótica. En 3 pacientes se tuvo que convertir en cirugía directa, y en 2 oportunidades se debió recurrir a incisiones complementarias. Con respecto a la morbilidad, en 1 caso se presentó supuración de la herida y en 2, complicaciones menores inherentes al procedimiento. Conclusiones: el procedimiento fue bien aceptado por la mayoría de los enfermos tratados. Se consiguió sortear el área fibrosa en un alto porcentaje, con escaso número de complicaciones y baja estadía hospitalaria. Esto representa una clara ventaja en relación con las técnicas de cirugía convencional

Evaluación de la disfunción erectil de origen vascular por medio del ultrasonido doppler duplex

Se estudiaron 20 pacientes que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la disfunción rectil de origen vascular y 10 pacientes con disfunción erectil psicógena, mediante la evaluación con ultrasonido doppler duplex, antes y después de aplicación de sustancias vasoactivas intracavernosas. Mediante un anaálisis estadistico de las variables estudiadas se observó que los pacientes con disfunción de origen psicógeno presentaban registros vasculares y velocidades normales en arterias cavernosas (grupo control). El grupo con sospecha clínica de etiología vascular demostró una diferencia significativa en el diámetro de la arteria cavernosa y en el flujo sistólico post inyección intracavernosa de sustancias vasoactivas entre los dos grupos. El Ultrasonido doppler duplex es un método útil en el diagnóstico de la disfunción erectil de origen vascular, diferenciando lesiones de tipo arterial y dando signos indirectos de sospecha de patología venosa. Es un método no invasivo, de bajo costo y sin efectos secundarios, de elección en el tratamiento racional y efectivo de una entidad que hasta hace poco tiempo no era factible demostrar en forma no invasiva