Usos diversos de los epónimos en Medicina / Various uses of eponyms in Medicine

Los epónimos vienen siendo utilizados desde hace siglos. Su uso habitual constituye una de las características del lenguaje de las ciencias médicas y está extendido a todas las especialidades, formando parte de su cultura y de la historia de la Medicina. Se abordan los epónimos en el campo de varias especialidades médicas, así como el debate científico a favor y en contra de su uso, considerando que no son pocas las voces que apoyan su erradicación total; esto es algo que todavía resulta difícil pensar, ya que se cree que los epónimos aportan más de lo que podrían ofrecer otros recursos lingüísticos. Se reconoce la existencia de epónimos cubanos, que no se han estudiado lo suficiente (AU).

Eponyms have been used during centuries. Their common use is one of the characteristics of the medical sciences language, reaches all the specialties, and is part of the Medicine culture and history. The use of eponyms in the field of several medical specialties is approached and also the scientific dispute in favor or against their use, taking into consideration that no few voices back their total eradication; it is still something difficult to understand because it is believed that eponyms are more fruitful than what is offered by other linguistic resources. The existence of Cuban eponyms that are still not sufficiently studied is recognized (AU).

Methodological approach for the development of terminology subsets ICNP®: an integrative review / Recorrido metodológico para la confección de subconjuntos terminológicos CIPE®: revisión integradora / Percurso metodológico para elaboração de subconjuntos terminológicos CIPE®: revisão integrativa

Objective To analyze the methodological aspects used for the preparation of terminology subsets of the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP®), in dissertations and theses in the Brazilian nursing. Method This is an integrative review of the Brazilian dissertations and theses defended in the period from 2007 to 2013, which were included seven dissertations. Results The increasing production of studies on the theme by Brazilian nurses shows a concern for a unified language for the profession. However, the results demonstrate the lack of uniformity in the conduct of studies, especially in relation to the stages of content validation. The initiatives of some authors to systematize alternative methods for creating these subsets also stood out. Conclusion We suggest the development of new terminology subsets, following standards of methodological rigor, as well as its application and validation by the selected clientele, to ensure greater reliability of results and desired changes for the profession. .

Objetivo Analisar os aspectos metodológicos utilizados para a elaboração de subconjuntos terminológicos da Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem (CIPE®), em dissertações e teses da Enfermagem brasileira. Método Revisão integrativa das dissertações e teses brasileiras defendidas no período compreendido entre 2007 e 2013, das quais foram incluídas sete dissertações. Resultados A produção crescente de estudos acerca da temática pelos enfermeiros brasileiros evidencia uma preocupação por uma linguagem unificada para a profissão. Contudo, os resultados demonstram a ausência de uniformidade quanto à condução dos estudos, principalmente em relação às etapas de validação de conteúdo. Destacaram-se, também, as iniciativas de alguns autores para a sistematização de métodos alternativos para a confecção desses subconjuntos. Conclusão Sugere-se o desenvolvimento de novos subconjuntos terminológicos, seguindo padrões de rigor metodológico, como também sua aplicação e validação junto à clientela selecionada, a fim de garantir maior confiabilidade dos resultados e as mudanças almejadas para a profissão.

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Objetivo Analizar los aspectos metodológicos utilizados para la elaboración de subconjuntos terminológicos de la Clasificación Internacional para la Práctica de Enfermería (CIPE®), en tesis de máster o doctorado de la Enfermería brasileña. Método Revisión integradora de las tesis de máster y doctorado brasileñas defendidas en el período comprendido entre 2007 y 2013, de las cuales fueron incluidas siete tesis de máster. Resultados La producción creciente de estudios acerca de la temática por los enfermeros brasileños evidencia una preocupación por un lenguaje unificado para la profesión. Sin embargo, los resultados demuestran la ausencia de uniformidad en cuanto a la conducción de los estudios, especialmente con respecto a las etapas de validación de contenido. Se destacaron también las iniciativas de algunos autores de sistematizar métodos alternativos para la confección de dichos subconjuntos. Conclusión Se sugiere el desarrollo de nuevos subconjuntos terminológicos, siguiendo estándares de rigor metodológico, así como su aplicación y validación junto a la clientela seleccionada, a fin de asegurar una mayor confiabilidad de los resultados y los cambios anhelados para la profesión.
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Economía de palabras con la propuesta de un término / Economy of words with the proposal of a term

Se propone el uso de un sustantivo derivado de siglas, con vista a economizar 7 de 8 palabras al referirse a especialistas de primer o segundo grado en medicina general integral.

The use of a noun derived from acronyms was proposed to economize 7 of 8 words when referring to first o second degree specialists in General Comprehensive Medicine.

Standardization of Terminology in Laboratory Medicine ll

Standardization of medical terminology is essential in data transmission between health care institutes and in maximizing the benefits of information technology. The purpose of this study was to standardize medical terms for laboratory observations. During the second year of the study, a standard database of concept names for laboratory terms that covered those used in tertiary health care institutes and reference laboratories was developed. The laboratory terms in the Logical Observation Identifier Names and Codes (LOINC) database were adopted and matched with the electronic data interchange (EDI) codes in Korea. A public hearing and a workshop for clinical pathologists were held to collect the opinions of experts. The Korean standard laboratory terminology database containing six axial concept names, components, property, time aspect, system (specimen), scale type, and method type, was established for 29,340 test observations. Short names and mapping tables for EDI codes and UMLS were added. Synonym tables were prepared to help match concept names to common terms used in the fields. We herein described the Korean standard laboratory terminology database for test names, result description terms, and result units encompassing most of the laboratory tests in Korea.

Semantic network technology in computer-based patient records / 中国医疗器械杂志

Based on pathological lung cancer cases and semantic network technology, and in combination with UMLS, the article discusses the applications of semantic network technology in electron medical records, and its actualization of pathological case semantic network expression with sequence characteristics.

Standardization of Terminology in Laboratory Medicine I / 대한진단검사의학회지

BACKGROUND: Standardization of medical terminology is essential for data transmission between health-care institutions or clinical laboratories and for maximizing the benefits of information technology. Purpose of our study was to standardize the medical terms used in the clinical laboratory, such as test names, units, terms used in result descriptions, etc. During the first year of the study, we developed a standard database of concept names for laboratory terms, which covered the terms used in government health care centers, their branch offices, and primary health care units. METHODS: Laboratory terms were collected from the electronic data interchange (EDI) codes from National Health Insurance Corporation (NHIC), Logical Observation Identifier Names and Codes (LOINC) database, community health centers and their branch offices, and clinical laboratories of representative university medical centers. For standard expression, we referred to the English-Korean/ Korean-English medical dictionary of Korean Medical Association and the rules for foreign language translation. Programs for mapping between LOINC DB and EDI code and for translating English to Korean were developed. RESULTS: A Korean standard laboratory terminology database containing six axial concept names such as components, property, time aspect, system (specimen), scale type, and method type was established for 7,508 test observations. Short names and a mapping table for EDI codes and Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) were added. Synonym tables for concept names, words used in the database, and six axial terms were prepared to make it easier to find the standard terminology with common terms used in the field of laboratory medicine. CONCLUSIONS: Here we report for the first time a Korean standard laboratory terminology database for test names, result description terms, result units covering most laboratory tests in primary healthcare centers.

Developing a Reference Terminology Model for Health Care Using an Object-Oriented Approach / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVE: A reference terminology is essential to achieve semantic interoperability and enhance the quality of health care. Reference terminologies that have achieved common acceptance contain many concepts that clinicians would not want in healthcare, which preclude their practical use in documentation of patient information. To solve the problems, this document proposes a reference terminology model which contains concepts that physicians can use satisfactorily. METHODS: We analyzed the structures of the UMLS and SNOMED CT. We also analyzed health care terms which had been collected by the Korea National Health Information Standard Committee. Based on the results of the analysis, we developed an object-oriented reference terminology model. And, we designed database schema with the model. RESULTS: Eight components of the UMLS and six components of the SNOMED CT were analyzed. The collected terms had various properties and mapping vocabularies according to the characteristics of their respective domains. A reference terminology model was developed from a three-level view using UML. A database schema was developed using ERD. CONCLUSION: This study mainly focuses on reference terminology modeling. It is hoped that this reference terminology modeling helps the semantic interoperable exchange of clinical documents as the basis of common EMR.

Extensión del lenguaje de modelación unificado para el diseño de aplicaciones distribuidas / Extension of unified modeling language for distributed application desings

A partir de los mecanismos de extensión que provee el Lenguaje de Modelación Unificado (UML) y los aspectos inherentes al desarrollo de sistemas distribuidos, tales como comunicación, localización, gestión, disponibilidad, desempeño y de implementación, se propone un conjunto o perfil de estereotipos para facilitar el diseño de estas aplicaciones. Se define un Patrón de Especificación de Estereotipos, como un marco genérico para facilitar la descripción, manejo y uso de los estereotipos. En este patrón se destaca la especificación de los artefactos del desarrollo de software en los cuales participan los estereotipos. El perfil propuesto contribuye a la captura y especificación de requerimientos no funcionales, cruciales para la construcción de aplicaciones distribuidas de calidad.

A Study of Effective Unified Medical Language System Concept Indexing in Radiology Reports / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVE: For the effective retrieval of clinical information, the elaborate indexing is essential. Two major types of indexing are the human indexing and the automatic or machine indexing. Human indexing shows higher quality but is time consuming, labor-intensive and inconsistent in term assignment activity. METHODS: Using the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) MetaMap program, we mapped the free text from the diagnosis section of radiology reports into UMLS concepts. To improve the precision of UMLS concept indexing by MetaMap, we evaluated the UMLS subset mapping and semantic type filtering methods, determining the best combination for improved precision. RESULTS: After calculating the candidates from subset combinations, we obtained more enhanced results by semantic-type filtering. CONCLUSION: The results may be improved for the complete automation of indexing process.

Effective Query Expansion using Condensed UMLS Metathesaurus for Medical Information Retrieval / 대한의료정보학회지

Medical vocabularies in medical records are used in several synonyms and various expressions even though they are same concepts. Query expansion using a thesaurus enhances recall of medical information retrieval (IR) system for searching patient records or literatures. This study proposed IR system architecture applied the Metathesaurus of Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). To enhance the retrieval effectiveness at the same time to reduce retrieval time, we reconstructed condensed Metathesaurus (CMT), which is constituted of frequently used terms in medical records. We used 40,000 radiology reports of Brain CT/MRI at Seoul National University Hospital. The retrieval model we used is the Boolean methods. The results showed 15~27% effectiveness for searching relevant documents implementing the UMLS MT into IR system for query expansion. But it took 3.5 times longer for retrieval compared with non-MT implemented IR system. When we applied the CMT into IR system, however, the retrieval time reduced by 50% and the retrieval performance decreased only 8.7% compared with all MT implemented IR system. In this paper, we developed the medical document retrieval system applied UMLS MT for query expansion methods that can improve the relevant document retrieval performance, at the same time it can reduce the retrieval time through consisting condensed Metathesaurus for a specific domain.

Lematización para palabras médicas complejas: Implementación de un algoritmo en LISP / Lematization for complex medical words: Implementation of an algorithm in LISP

The automated retrieval of files depends critically on the ability to generate precise signs concepts. Stemming is a technique very useful but medical terms are very complex terms which need special attention. Our main was to develop a modular algorithm for complex medical terms in order to follow a new space of research on information retrieval. The algorithm was developed using LISP, a programming language, and exhaustive controlled list of rules. As a result, we found good precision with less recall when we asked for concepts saving signs concepts for each medical term.

Uma proposta para nomenclatura dos defeitos congênitos do sistema cardiovascular / A new proposal of nomenclature system for congenital heart defects

Os autores propõem um sistema de nomenclatura para cardiopatias congênitas baseado no princípio da análise segmentar seqüencial. Apresentam a lista curta de diagnósticos e discutem a importância da uniformização dos nomes para facilitar a troca de informações entre instituições...

A Comparative Study on the 'Sign or Symptom' Concepts of the UMLS(Unified Medical Language System) and Clinical Terms in Korean Medical Records / 대한의료정보학회지

The UMLS is a long-term NLM research and development effort designed to facilitate the retrieval and integration of information from multiple machine-readable biomedical information sources. It is one of the most comprehensive medical terminology systems. The UMLS is to make available to develop systems such as information retrieval, decision-making support system, natural language processing, and voice recognition in medical fields because it can be easily integrated with other systems or databases. It is now support about 15 languages like French, German, Finnish, and Spanish. The goal of this paper is to estimate the availabilities and usefulness that when we will apply the electronic medical records system and then support to Korean medical vocabulary integration. We tested mapping between chief complaint extracted from the discharge records in Seoul National University Hospital and the UMLS sign or symptom concepts term. Among 35% of chief complaint of the SNUH were Conceptually matched with the UMLS Sign or Symptom concepts. Most of 58% these terms were such that diagnosis, operation names, clinical laboratory test not Sign or Symptom terms. The rest terms of 7% were not found in the UMLS or these terms that different application of used concepts. While the UMLS terms are so specific and diverse about patients sign or symptom, we used simplified and usually based on the anatomical region records. Through this study, we exposed underlying of flaws currently in use clinical terms and analyzed the differences of expression patterns in clinical records between the two vocabulary system, we propose the UMLS application of Korean medical vocabulary translation with appropriateness and Interoperability of the UMLS for development the Korean medical technologies.

Designing a semantic network for Unified Nursing Language System / 대한의료정보학회지

Nursing language plays an important role in describing and defining nursing phenomena and nursing actions. There are numerous vocabularies describing nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes in nursing domain. However, lack of a standardized, unified nursing language is considered as a problem for further development of the discipline of nursing. With this background this study was conducted to construct a semantic network based on cross mapping of existing nursing terminologies. specifically NANDA taxonomy I, Omaha system, HHCC. and NIC. which arc recognized as standard terminology by the American Nurses Association. The nursing semantic network was proposed with the cross mapping results based on the UMLS semantic network.

La dimensión comunicativa en la pracatica medica "el valor de la entrevista" / The comunicative dimension in the medical praxis: the vaue of the interview

La excelencia en la práctica médica está determinada no sólo por la competencia y desempeño científico-técnico y la calidad del entorno , donde tienen lugar los servicios de salud, sino tambieén por la dimensión ética y humanis en el ejercicio de esta práctica. Ello justifica la necesidad de que e médico domine los elementos esenciales de la comunicación humana y la entrevista, com elementos esenciales en la relación médico-paciente en función de elevar la calidad en los servicios de salud. En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis en este sentido que puede incidir en una elevación de la calidad en la práctica médica.