Tratamiento antibiótico empírico de elección en pacientes con urosepsis secundaria a litiasis ureteral: reporte de sensibilidad local / Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria causing urosepsis

Background: Early inappropriate antibiotic therapy for the management of urosepsis is associated with higher mortality. Therefore, to establish an adequate empirical therapy is crucial. Aim: To determine an optimal antibiotic treatment, adjusted according local bacterial resistance in patients diagnosed with urosepsis secondary to ureteral lithiasis. Material and Methods: Urine cultures and blood cultures from a prospective cohort of patients with ureteral lithiasis admitted for urosepsis in our center between November 2013 and May 2016, were reviewed. Patients who presented two or more criteria of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and positive blood or urine cultures were admitted. Antimicrobial sensitivity patters derived from cultures were analyzed to describe bacterial susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics. Results: Data from 31 patients were analyzed. Seventeen blood cultures (55%) and 29 urine cultures (94%) were positive. The most commonly isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli in 65% of the cultures, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Enterococcus faecalis. After performing an analysis of sensitivity and resistance for all bacteria in both blood and urine cultures, amikacin showed the highest sensitivity (100%), followed by 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins. Conclusions: Amikacin demonstrated higher antibiotic sensitivity in comparison to other antibiotics for empirical management of patients with urosepsis secondary to ureteral lithiasis.

Intraparenchymal hematoma as a late complication of retrograde intrarenal surgery

ABSTRACT A 34 year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with left flank pain. A non-contrast enhanced computerized tomography (NCCT) revealed a 1.5x2cm left proximal ureter stone. Patient was scheduled for ureterorenoscopy (URS) and stone removal. She was submitted to retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). At the postoperative 1st day, the patient began to suffer from left flank pain. A NCCT was taken, which revealed a subcapsular hematoma and perirenal fluid. The patient was managed conservatively with intravenous fluid, antibiotic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy and was discharged at the postoperative 6th day. Two weeks after the discharge the patient was admitted to emergency department with severe left flank pain, palpitation and malaise. KUB (kidney-ureter-bladder) radiography showed double-J stent (DJS) to be repositioned to the proximal ureter. Patient was evaluated with contrast enhanced CT which revealed an 8cm intraparenchymal hematoma/abscess in the middle part of the kidney. A percutaneous drainage catheter was inserted into the collection. The percutaneous drainage catheter and the DJS were removed at the 10th day of second hospitalization. RIRS surgery is an effective and feasible choice for renal stones with high success and acceptable complication rates. However, clinician should be alert to possible complications.

Extravasación urinaria renal espontánea / Spontaneous renal urinary extravasation

La extravasación espontánea de orina, descrita por Albarrán y publicada por Sole se consideraba como un hallazgo radiológico poco frecuente y la definió en 198 como la salida de orina fuera del tracto urinario en ausencia de trauma, de intervención quirúrgica previa o reciente y tampoco sin antecedente de instrumentación urológica o de urografía excretora practicada con compresión externa. Se presenta a un paciente de 28 años, sin antecedentes de interés, que acudió con cuadro astenia de 1 mes de evolución, asociado a dolor en fosa lumbar izquierda. Que fue estudiado mediante ecografía y tomografía computarizada (TC). Las exploraciones radiológicas identificaron múltiples litiasis en uréter proximal y distal izquierdo. Voluminosa colección de baja densidad rodeando al riñón izquierdo, limitada por la fascia pararrenal sugestiva de urinoma, identificando solución de continuidad en cáliz superior, que se comunica con el urinoma. El tratamiento inicial del paciente fue la colocación de Nefrostomía percutánea de urgencia, para realizar posteriormente, ureteroscopia con ascensión de las litiasis y extracción de estas mediante pielolitotomía abierta. Conclusión: El conocimiento de la clínica y de los hallazgos radiológicos de la extravasación urinaria espontánea por litiasis ureteral en las distintas pruebas de imágenes son cruciales para el manejo de los pacientes afectados por esta infrecuente complicación...

Spontaneous extravasation of urine, described by Albarran and published by Sole was considered a rare radiological finding in 198 and defined as the flow of urine out of the urinary tract in the absence of trauma, previous surgery or recent nor no history of urological instrumentation or excretory urography performed with external compression. We report a patient of 28 years, with no history of interest came with asthenia of 1 month’s duration, associated with pain in left lumbar fossa. That was studied by ultrasound and computed tomography (CT). The radiological identified multiple stones in proximal and distal left ureter. Collection bulky low density surrounding the left kidney limited by suggesting pararenal urinoma fascia, identifying continuity solution upper calyx, which communicates with the urinoma. The patient’s initial treatment was percutaneous nephrostomy placement of urgency for later ascension of the stones with ureteroscopy and removal of these by open pyelolithotomy. The knowledge of the clinical and radiological findings of spontaneous urinary extravasation with ureteral stones in various imaging tests are crucial for the management of patients affected by this rare complication...