Um raro caso de vasculite leucocitoclástica induzida por oxacilina / A rare case of oxacillin-induced leukocytoclastic vasculitis

A vasculite leucocitoclástica é uma patologia cujos mecanismos estão associados ao processo de inflamação vascular. Estima-se que até 24% dos casos de vasculite estão relacionados ao uso de fármacos, sendo os antimicrobianos beta-lactâmicos um dos grupos farmacológicos comumente associados a este desfecho adverso. A oxacilina, uma penicilina semissintética, possui um anel beta-lactâmico que confere atividade biológica e está associada com maior frequência a relatos de vasculite leucocitoclástica. No entanto, casos semelhantes relacionados a esse antimicrobiano são raros, sendo identificados apenas três casos na literatura. Diante desse contexto, relatamos um quarto caso de vasculite leucocitoclástica em um homem de 56 anos, em tratamento com oxacilina, que desenvolveu a vasculite no 3º dia de uso do antimicrobiano. Além da suspensão da oxacilina, ele foi tratado com 125 mg/dia de metilprednisolona endovenosa por sete dias, seguido de 20 mg/dia de prednisona oral por quatro dias, resultan-do em remissão satisfatória das lesões cutâneas e ausência de novos desfechos adversos. Este caso corrobora a possível relação causal entre o uso de oxacilina e o desenvolvimento da vasculite leucocitoclástica, apesar de sua ocorrência ser rara. A resposta favorável às intervenções terapêuticas, incluindo a suspensão da oxacilina e o uso de corticosteroides, destaca a eficácia dessas abordagens no tratamento dessa complicação (AU).

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is a pathology whose mechanisms are associated with the process of vascular inflammation. It is estimated that up to 24% of the cases of vasculitis are drug-related, with beta-lactam antimicrobials be-ing one of the pharmacological groups commonly associated with this adverse outcome. Oxacillin, a semisynthetic penicillin, has a beta-lactam ring that confers biological activity and is most frequently associated with reports of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. However, similar cases related to this antimicrobial are rare, with only three cases identified in the literature. Against this background, we report a fourth case of leukocytoclastic vasculitis in a 56-year-old man, on oxacillin treatment, who developed the vasculitis on the 3rd day of antimicrobial use. In addition to oxacillin suspension, he was treated with 125 mg/day of intravenous methylprednisolone for seven days, followed by 20 mg/day of oral prednisone for four days, resulting in satisfactory remission of the skin lesions and no new adverse outcomes. This case provides further evidence supporting the potential causal relationship between the use of oxacillin and the development of leukocytoclastic vasculitis, albeit a rare occurrence. The positive response to therapeutic interventions, such as oxacillin suspension and corticosteroid treatment, underscores the effectiveness of these approaches in addressing this complication (AU),

Reporte de caso: vasculitis leucocitoclastica como forma de presentación de hepatitis b crónica / Case report: leukocytoclastic vasculitis as presenting manifestation of chronic hepatitis b virus infection

La vasculitis leucocitoclástica, también denominada angeitis cutánea leucocitoclástica, es la forma más común de vasculitis. Si bien la mayoría de los casos son idiopáticos, entre los agentes etiológicos que podemos nombrar se encuentran los agentes infecciosos, las enfermedades del tejido conectivos, las reacciones de hipersensibilidad a medicamentos y las neoplasias solidas o hematológicas. Si bien los procesos infecciosos son una causa conocida de vasculitis leucocitoclástica, la infección por virus de Virus de hepatitis B (VHB) es muy infrecuente. Presentamos una mujer de 47 años, sin antecedentes patológicos previos, que consultó por artralgias en rodillas y tobillos, mialgias en gemelos y rash purpúrico con leve prurito en ambos miembros inferiores, de un mes de evolución. La biopsia cutánea de las lesiones de miembros inferiores fue compatible con vasculitis leucocitoclástica. La serología de hepatitis B fue positiva por lo que inició tratamiento antiviral con Tenofovir y Prednisona con buena evolución de sus lesiones cutáneas

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis, also called leukocytoclastic cutaneous angiitis, is the most common form of vasculitis. Although most cases are idiopathic, etiologic agents include infectious agents, connective tissue diseases, drug hypersensitivity reactions, and solid or hematologic malignancies. Although infectious processes are a known cause of leukocytoclastic vasculitis, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is very rare. We present a 47-year-old woman, with no previous pathologic history, who consulted for arthralgias in the knees and ankles, myalgia's and purpuric rash with mild pruritus in both lower limbs, of one month evolution. Skin biopsy of lower extremity lesions was compatible with leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Hepatitis B serology was positive, so she started antiviral treatment with tenofovir and prednisone with good evolution of her skin lesions

Crioglobulinemia: una entidad heterogénea / Cryoglobulinemia: a heterogeneous entity

La crioglobulinemia se define como la presencia de inmunoglobulinas en el suero que se precipitan reversiblemente a bajas temperaturas. Se la clasifica en tipos I, II y III, según las características de las inmunoglobulinas. La primera suele asociarse a enfermedades linfoprolife-rativas y las de tipos II y III, denominadas crioglobulinemias mixtas, a infección por el virus de la hepatitis C, seguida de las enfermedades autoinmunes. Las manifestaciones clínicas se relacionan con obstrucción intravascular en el caso de la crioglobulinemia de tipo I, mientras que las de tipos II y III se manifiestan con vasculitis por depósito de inmunocomplejos. El compromiso cutáneo es el hallazgo principal, seguido del articular, el neurológico y el renal. Se presentan 3 casos de crioglobulinemia que, por los datos de laboratorio y las enfermedades asociadas, difieren de la descripción clásica publicada en los textos.

Cryoglobulinemia is defined as the presence of immunoglobulins in serum that reversibly precipitate at low temperatures. It is classified into types I, II and III on the basis of immunoglobulin characteristics. Type I is associated with lymphoproliferative disorders, type II and III known as mixed cryoglobulinemia, are associated with hepatitis C virus infection and autoimmune diseases. Clinical manifestations are related with occlusion of small and medium blood vessels common in type I cryoglobulinemia while immune-mediated vasculitis is frequent in mixed cryoglobulinemia. Cutaneous damage is the main manifestation, followed by joint, peripheral nerves and renal involvement. We present three cases of cryoglobulinemia that differ from the literature due to their laboratory findings and associated diseases.

Vasculite leucocitoclástica secundária a mieloma múltiplo / Leukocytoclastic vasculitis secondary to multiple myeloma

RESUMO As vasculites são um grupo heterogêneo de manifestações clínicas que podem ser idiopáticas ou secundárias a outras desordens. As principais causas de vasculite secundária são as infecções e medicamentos. No entanto, em alguns casos, elas podem ser secundárias a neoplasias, particularmente as neoplasias hematológicas. A vasculite leucocitoclástica é a forma mais comum de vasculite cutânea associada a distúrbios linfoproliferativos². É apresentado caso de homem caucasoide de 53 anos com história de lesões vasculares dolorosas em extremidades de surgimento recente. Realizada investigação complementar, o paciente apresentou exames compatíveis com mieloma de células plasmocitárias e vasculite leucocitoclástica cutânea. Descartando-se os demais diagnósticos diferenciais, foi, então, firmado o diagnóstico de vasculite leucocitoclástica cutânea associada ao mieloma múltiplo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Púrpura, vasculite leucocitoclástica secundária, mieloma múltiplo

ABSTRACT Vasculitis is a heterogeneous group of clinical manifestations that can be idiopathic or secondary to other disorders. The main causes of secondary vasculitis are infections and medications. However, in some cases, they can be secondary to neoplasms, particularly hematologic neoplasms. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is the most common form of cutaneous vasculitis associated with lymphoproliferative disorders². We present the case of a 53-year-old Caucasian male with a history of recent onset of painful vascular lesions in the extremities. After further investigation, the patient presented tests compatible with plasma cell myeloma and cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Discarding the other differential diagnoses, the diagnosis of cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis associated with multiple myeloma was then established. KEYWORDS: Purpura, secondary leukocytoclastic vasculitis, multiple myeloma

Tercer caso de vasculitis leucocitoclástica cutánea secundaria al uso de oxacilina: reporte de caso / Third case in the literature of cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis secondary to oxacilin use

Resumen La vasculitis leucocitoclastica es una patologìa que compromete los vasos pequeños y cuya causa predominantemente se ha descrito como idiopatica. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 78 años hipertensa, diabética y con enfermedad renal crónica en estadio 5, que presentó lesiones limitadas a la piel posterior a la administración de oxacilina para manejo de bacteremia por SAMS. La presentación clínica se basó en purpuras palpables predominantemente en miembros inferiores y lesiones dolorosas coalescentes que formaban ampollas de contenido hemorrágico. Estas lesiones resolvieron gradualmente después del cambio de la terapia mencionada anteriormente. La biopsia fue compatible con vasculitis leucocitoclástica, con paraclínicos que descartaron causas infecciosas y autoinmunes.

Abstract Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is a pathology that involves small vessels and whose cause has been predominantly described as idiopathic. The clinical case of a 78-year-old woman with hypertension, diabetic and chronic stage 5 kidney disease, who presented limited skin lesions after administration of oxacillin for management of bacteremia by MSSA. The clinical presentation consisted on palpable purpura predominantly in the lower limbs and painful coalescent lesions that formed blisters of hemorrhagic content. Lesions gradually resolved after the change of the therapy mentioned above. The biopsy was compatible with leukocytocastic vasculitis, with paraclinics who ruled out infectious and autoimmune causes.

Exuberant case of erythema elevatum diutinum in a patient infected with HIV and hepatitis B virus

Abstract Erythema elevatum diutinum is a small vessel vasculitis which is benign, rare, and chronic. It is clinically characterized by violaceous, brown, or yellowish plaques, nodules, and papules. It has been associated with autoimmune, infectious, and neoplastic processes. The following case describes a patient with hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus with CD4 count < 200 mm3, HIV-seropositive for 16 years, and diagnosed with hepatitis B virus at the hospital. The patient was treated with oral dapsone 100 mg/day, showing regression after seven months of treatment. The authors found three cases in the literature of association of erythema elevatum diutinum, human immunodeficiency virus, and hepatitis B virus.

An Atypical Extraintestinal Manifestation in a Child with Ulcerative Colitis: Cutaneous Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis

No abstract available.

Diagnóstico e terapêutica precoce de vasculite leucocitoclástica: relato de caso / Early diagnosis and treatment of Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis: case report

Resumo Paciente do sexo feminino, 46 anos de idade, procurou o pronto socorro do Hospital Municipal Universitário apresentando lesões necróticas em membros inferiores associadas à síndrome consumptiva. Após anamnese e exame físico, obteve-se o diagnóstico de vasculite leucocitoclástica de modo imediato e econômico por meio da utilização de algoritmo específico de vasculites primárias, permitindo início precoce da terapêutica adequada. A boa evolução do quadro clínico ratificou a necessidade de se obter diagnóstico definitivo e início rápido da terapêutica.

Abstract A 46-year-old female patient presented at the emergency department of a Municipal University Hospital with necrotic lesions in lower limbs associated with wasting syndrome. She was diagnosed with leukocytoclastic vasculitis after physical examination and history-taking in a fast and cost-effective manner, using an algorithm specifically for primary vasculitis, enabling early and appropriate treatment. The good clinical outcome demonstrates the need to quickly make a definitive diagnosis and start treatment.

A Case of Cutaneous Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis Associated with Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor: An Unusual Presentation

Drug-induced vasculitis is an inflammation of small-sized blood vessel caused by the use of drugs. It accounts for approximately 10% of acute cutaneous vasculitis. Propylthiouracil, hydralazine, and allopurinol have been widely known as causative agents. The most common clinical feature of drug-induced vasculitis is palpable purpura on lower extremities. A 66-year-old Korean female presented with erythematous nodules on upper chest and back. She had been on medication for multiple myeloma. Laboratory results showed neutropenia. After a single injection of filgrastim (recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor), she developed cutaneous lesions with concurrent increase in absolute neutrophil count. A skin biopsy revealed leukocytoclastic vasculitis. After discontinuation of filgrastim injection, her skin lesions disappeared spontaneously.

Vasculitis crioglobulinémica con compromiso renal y síndrome de Sjögren / Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis with renal involment and Sjögren's syndrome

La vasculitis crioglobulinémica es una vasculitis de vasos pequeños que se da en presencia de crioglobulinas séricas. Las crioglobulinemias mixtas son las más frecuentes y se asocian a infecciones crónicas, típicamente al virus de la hepatitis C, así como a enfermedades linfoproliferativas y autoinmunes, más a menudo al síndrome de Sjögren. Las manifestaciones clínicas incluyen púrpura de los miembros inferiores, neuropatía periférica, artralgias y glomerulonefritis. La presencia de vasculitis crioglobulinémica en el contexto de un síndrome de Sjögren es marcadora de peor pronóstico. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con vasculitis crioglobulinémica con compromiso cutáneo y renal, que condujo al diagnóstico de un síndrome de Sjögren primario. (AU)

Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis is a small-sized vasculitis that occurs in the context of serum cryoglobulins. Mixed cryoglobulinemias are the most frequent and are associated with chronic infections, typically hepatitis C and autoimmune diseases, most commonly Sjögren's syndrome. Clinical manifestations include purpura of lower limbs, peripheral neuropathy, arthralgias and glomerulonephritis. The presence of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis in the context of Sjögren's syndrome is a marker of poor prognosis. We present the case of a patient with cryoglobulinemic vasculitis associated to cutaneous and renal involvement that led us to the diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome. (AU)

Hipoacusia y vasculitis cutánea, manifestación inicial de granulomatosis con poliangeítis en una niña de 14 años / Hypoacusis and cutaneous vasculitis as first clinical manifestation of granulomatosis with polyangiitis in a 14 year-old girl

Resumen La granulomatosis con poliangeítis (GPA) es una vasculitis de pequeno y mediano calibre caracterizada por la formación de granulomas e inflamación necrosante con predilección de las vías respiratorias y los glomérulos. Se reporta el caso de una adolescente de 14 an os que comienza con hipoacusia y lesiones cutáneas; sinusitis, epiescleritis, PR3-ANCA positivo y biopsia de piel con infiltrado neutrofílico y necrosis. La GPA puede presentar manifestaciones otológicas y dermatológicas como signo inicial, es importante tomarlo en consideración en el diagnóstico diferencial.

Abstract Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a small- and medium-sized vasculitis. It is characterised by formation of granulomas and necrotising inflammation with a predilection for the respiratory tract and glomeruli. The case is presented of a 14-year-old female debuting with hypoacusis, skin lesions, sinusitis; episcleritis, anti-PR3 ANCA positivity and histological findings from the skin lesions with neutrophilic infiltration, necrosis and fibrin. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis can present otological and skin manifestations as initial signs, and it is important to take the differential diagnosis into consideration.

Fatal necrotizing Candida esophagitis in a patient with leukocytoclastic cutaneous vasculitis and ankylosing spondylitis

Esophageal infection by Candida spp. is a common opportunistic entity in immunocompromised hosts; however, systemic fungal dissemination due to perforation or transmural necrosis, also known as necrotizing Candida esophagitis (NCE), is rare. We report the case of a 61-year-old male patient with diagnosed ankylosing spondylitis, severe arteriosclerosis, and vasculitis under immunosuppressive therapy who presented NCE with fungal and bacterial septicemia diagnosed at autopsy. Necrotizing esophagitis is a rare manifestation of Candida infection, which may be a final complication in severely ill patients. Unfortunately, it may be underdiagnosed, and we call attention to this devastating complication in patients with leukocytoclastic cutaneous vasculitis and ankylosing spondylitis.

Manifestaciones atípicas del síndrome de vasculitis-angeítis- endotelitis (SVAE) cutánea / Atypical manifestations of cutaneous vasculitis- angeitis-endotheliitis syndrome

Se reportan dos pacientes con diagnóstico histopatológico de vasculitis cutánea de presentación clínica atípica. Un joven de 13 años con lesiones bullosas y flictenulares generalizadas de 2-3 cm sin sobreinfección, que se iniciaron en la cavidad oral y se extendieron al tórax anterior y extremidades, asociadas con infección ventilo-respiratoria tipo neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC), que requirió antibióticos y corticoides sistémicos, con resolución completa a los 17 días y diagnóstico definitivo de vasculitis por hipersensibilidad. El otro paciente corresponde a un adulto de 58 años con historia de 18 meses de lesiones maculares purpúricas en miembros superiores e inferiores, algunas confluyen generando placas violáceas no mayores de 5 cm. Cursó con diabetes, retinopatía e hipertensión arterial. La biopsia mostró vasculitis leucocitoclásica con "signo de promontorio", por lo cual se sospechó sarcoma de Kaposi que se descartó. El diagnóstico definitivo fue vasculitis linfocítica en pitiriasis liquenoide crónica (PLC).

Two patients with histopathological diagnosis of cutaneous vasculitis of atypical clinical course are presented. The first patient was a 13-year-old boy with bullous lesions and generalized phlyctenules measuring 2-3 cm with no superinfection, which began in the oral cavity and extended to the anterior chest and extremities, associated with ventilation-respiratory community acquired pneumonia (CAP), which required antibiotic therapy and systemic corticoids, with complete resolution at 17 days and definitive diagnosis of hypersensitivity vasculitis. The other patient corresponds to a 58-year-old man with purpuric macular lesions in upper and lower extremities of 18 months duration. Some of them were confluent purpuric plaques not greater than 5 cm. Patient had associated diabetes, retinopathy and hypertension. Biopsy showed leukocytoclastic vasculitis with the presence of "promontory sign" suggestive of Kaposi ́s sarcoma which was ruled out. The definitive diagnosis was lymphocytic vasculitis in a patient with pytriasis lichenoids chronica (PLC).

Síndrome POEMS: um diagnóstico desafiador / POEMS Syndrome: a challenging diagnosis

A síndrome POEMS é um distúrbio multissistêmico. Sua patogênese não está totalmente estabelecida, mas sabe-se que tem relação com fator de crescimento vascular endotelial, interleucinas e fator de necrose tumoral alfa. A idade média de incidência é 50 anos, com maior prevalência em homens. Neuropatia periférica e gamopatia monoclonal estão presentes em todos os pacientes e são consideradas critérios maiores; quando associadas a pelo menos um critério menor, estabelecem diagnóstico da síndrome. As opções de tratamento são radioterapia, corticosteroides e quimioterapia, além de transplante autólogo de células-tronco hematopoiéticas. (AU)

POEMS syndrome is a multisystem disorder. Its pathogenesis isn't fully established, but it is known to be related to endothelial vascular growth factor, interleukins, and tumoral necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). The mean age at incidence is 50 years, with a higher prevalence in men. Peripheral neuropathy and monoclonal gammopathy are present in all patients, and are considered major criteria; when associated with at least one minor criterium, they establish the diagnosis of the syndrome. Treatment options are radiotherapy, corticosteroids, chemotherapy, as well as autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (AU)

Púrpura de Schönlein-Henoch del adulto con compromiso cutáneo y renal / Henoch-Schonlein purpura in an adult with cutaneous and renal involvement

La púrpura de Schönlein-Henoch (PSH) es una vasculitis sistémica dada por el depósito de inmunoglobulina A (Ig A) en la pared de los pequeños vasos sanguíneos. Clínicamente se manifiesta por un tétrada característica: compromiso cutáneo ("púrpura palpaable"); afección articular (artralgias o artritis), compromiso del tubo digestivo (dolor abdominal, hemorragia digestiva) y afección renal (hematuria o proteinuria). La patogenia de la enfermedad involucra una predisposición genética sobre la que actúan factores gatillo tales como infecciiones (más frecuentes en los niños), alimentos, picaduras de insectos, medicamentos y neoplasias (los dos últimos más frecuentes en adultos). El estudio histopatológico de las lesiones evidencia una vasculitis leucocitoclásica. La inmunofluorescencia directa detecta los depósitos de Ig A y fracción C3 del complemento a nivel perivascular en los órganos afectados. El pronóstico se determina a corto plazo por el compromiso gastrointestinal y a largo plazo por el compromiso renal. El curso de la afección renal suele ser autolimitado en los niños, ya que sólo el 1% de la población infantil desarrolla insuficiencia renal crónica. En los adultos, la glomerulinefritis es mucho más frecuente (30%) y, por lo tanto, el pronóstico no es tan favorable. No existe una teraéutica estandarizada para la PSH. El tratamiento, desde conducta expectante y medidas de soporte hasta glucocorticoides sistémicos asociados a inmunosupresores, se enfoca a controlar los síntomas agudos (artritis y dolor abdominal) y a monitorear la función renal, pues el daño puede presentarse hasta 10 años después del brote inicial. Se presenta un paciente adulto varón, de 21 años, con PSH con compromiso cutáneo (púrpura palpable en las cuatro extremidades que evoluciona por brotes) y renal (glomerulonefritis proliferativa mesangial focal y segmentaria) que respondió satisfactoriamente al tratamiento con glucocorticoides orales

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a systemic vasculitis due to the deposition of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the wall of small blood wessels. Clinically it is manifested by a characteristic tetrad: cutaneous involvement ("palpable purpura") joint affection (arthralgia or arthritis), digestive tract compromise (abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding) and renal affection (hematuria or proteinuria). The pathogenesis of the disease involves a genetic predisposition on which trigger factors such as infections (more frequent in children), food, insect bites, medications and neoplasms (the last two more frequent in adults). The histopathological study of the lesions evidences a leukocytoclastic vascultitis. Direct immunofluorescence detects the deposits of IgA and C3 fraction of the complement at the perivascular level in the affected organs. The prognosis is determined by the gastrointestinal commitment in the short term and by the renal compromise in the long term. The course of hidney disease is usually self-limiting in children, since only 1% of the child poulation develop chronic renal failure. In adults, glomerulonephritis is much more frquent (30%) and therfore, the prognosis is not so favorable. There is no standardized therapy for HSP. The treatment, from expectant management and support measurs to systemic glucocorticoids associated with immunosuppressants, focuses on controlling acute symptoms (arthritis and abdominal pain) and monitoring renal function, as the damage can occur up to 10 years after the initial outbreak. We present a male adult patient of 21 years old with HSP with cutaneous involvement (palpable purpura in the four extremities that evalves in outbreaks) and renal involvement (focal and segmental esangial proliferative glomerulonephritis) that responded satisfactorily to treatment with oral glucocorticoids

Vasculitis of small and large vessels, a casual association?

SUMMARY The authors report a case of a 69-year-old man with idiopathic leukocytoclastic cutaneous vasculitis. For three years, the lesions recurred with progressive worsening and were associated with systemic manifestations of low-grade fever, weight loss and raised inflammatory markers. The patient latter presented a 6th cranial nerve involvement, raising the concern of a possible systemic vasculitis, which was latter evidenced by the development of deep vein thrombosis and angina pectoris. The treatment of the patient witch based on the decreasing of inflammatory activity, by using effective immunosuppressive therapy, with lower toxicity is more important than identifying the type of the vasculitis. This case illustrates the importance of awareness for the systemic involvement that can occur in up to 50% of patients with leukocytoclastic cutaneous vasculitis.

RESUMO Os autores reportam um caso de vasculite leucocitoclástica recidivante num homem de 69 anos. Durante cerca de três anos as lesões cutáneas de vasculite leucocitoclástica reapareceram periodicamente, acompanhando-se sempre de um quadro sistêmico caracterizado por febrícula, perda de peso e astenia, assim como aumento de novo dos parâmetros inflamatórios. O aparecimento de parésia do sexto par craniano no decurso de uma dessas recorrências cutâneas levantou a hipótese de estarmos perante uma vasculite mais agressiva, com envolvimento extracutâneo. Esse envolvimento sistêmico foi novamente evidente com aparecimento de angina pectoris e trombose venosa profunda. Atualmente, mais do que a identificação do tipo de vasculite, a abordagem dos doentes com essa patologia assenta na cessação da atividade inflamatória recorrendo a terapêutica imunossupressora eficaz, com a menor toxicidade possível. Destacamos a importância da vigilância do componente sistêmico, que pode ocorrer até 50% na vasculite leucocitoclástica cutânea.

Presentación atípica de la poliangeítis microscópica con compomiso renal, pulmonar, dermatológico y del sistema nervioso central / Atypical presentation of microscopic polyangiitis with renal, pulmonary, dermatological and central nervous system involvement

La poliangeítis microscópica (PAM) es una vasculitis autoinmune caracterizada por la inflamación de los vasos sanguíneos de pequeño calibre y la presencia de anticuerpos anticitoplasma de neutrófilos (ANCA). Clínicamente se caracteriza por presentar glomerulonefritis y capilaritis pulmonar aunque la afectación de la piel, los nervios y el tracto gastrointestinal no es infrecuente. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 17 años con manifestaciones atípicas dadas por glomerulonefritis pauci-inmune, hemorragia pulmonar, vasculitis leucocitoclásica cutánea y hemorragia cerebral. Además revisamos las características histológicas y radiológicas.

Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is an autoimmune antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated (ANCA) small-vessel vasculitis. It is clinically characterized by glomerulonephritis and pulmonary capillaritis, however, skin, nerve and gastrointestinal tract involvement is also relatively common. A case is presented in a 17-year-old male patient with atypical manifestations, such as, pauci-immune glomerulonephritis, alveolar hemorrhage, cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis and cerebral hemorrhage. MPA histologic and radiologic features were also reviewed.