Venenos animais como possíveis ferramentas terapéuticas contra o estresse oxidativo em diversas doengas: Revisao da Literatura / Animal venoms as possible therapeutic tools against oxidative stress in several diseases: Literature Review

Resumo Venenos sao uma substancia tóxica (composta por uma ou mais toxinas) que podem causando lesao fisiológica dependente da dose. As toxinas sao moléculas bioativas formadas principalmente por compostos enzimáticos e nao enzimático que porque provocam consequéncias indesejáveis nas presas, além disso, exibem atividades biológicas únicas, diversas e específicas que perturbam os processos fisiológicos normais. Entretanto, muitas toxinas, de diferentes animais, tém sido isoladas e muitas delas sao consideradas ótimas ferramentas para pesquisa básica e alvos terapéuticos. Foi relatado que o estresse oxidativo desempenha um papel fundamental na patogénese de várias doengas, como distúrbios neurodegenerativos, distúrbios cardiovasculares e cáncer. O mecanismo pelo qual as toxinas animais atuam nos parametros de estresse oxidativo em várias doengas, ainda nao está estabelecido. O foco principal desta revisao é destacar os principais estudos com toxinas animais como ferramenta terapéutica em diversas doengas, atuando no balango redox do organismo.

Abstract Venoms are a toxic substance (comprised of one or more toxins) that can cause dose-dependent physiological injury. Toxins are bioactive molecules formed primarily by enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds that cause undesirable conse-quences in prey, in addition, exhibit unique, diverse and specific biological activities that disrupt normal physiological processes. However, many toxins, from different animals, have been isolated and many of them are considered great tools for basic research and therapeutic targets. Oxidative stress has been reported to play a key role in the pathogenesis of various diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disorders and cancer. How animal toxins act on oxidative stress parameters in several diseases is not yet established. The main focus of this review is to highlight the main studies with animal toxins as a therapeutic tool in several diseases, acting on the organism's redox balance.

Resumen Los venenos son sustancias tóxicas (compuestas por una o más toxinas) que pueden causar daño fisiológico dependiente de la dosis. Las toxinas son moléculas bioactivas formadas principalmente por compuestos enzimáticos y no enzimáticos que debido a que causan consecuencias indeseables en las presas, además, exhiben actividades biológicas únicas, diversas y específicas que alteran los procesos fisiológicos normales. Sin embargo, se han aislado muchas toxinas de diferentes animales, y muchos de ellos se consideran grandes herramientas para la investigación básica y dianas terapéuticas. Se ha informado que el estrés oxidativo juega un papel clave en la patogenia de diversas enfermedades, como los trastornos neurodegenerativos, enfermedades cardiovasculares y cáncer. El mecanismo por el cual las toxinas animales actúan sobre los parámetros de estrés oxidativo en vários enfermedades, aún no está establecido. El enfoque principal de esta revisión es resaltar los principales estudios con toxinas animales como herramienta terapéutica en diversas enfermedades, actuando en el equilibrio redox del organismo.

Meta-analysis of Cinobufacini Injection combined with platinum-contained first-line chemotherapy in treatment of non-small cell lung cancer / 中国中药杂志

To systemically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Cinobufacini Injection in combination with platinum-contained first-line chemotherapy for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). The randomized controlled trials(RCT) about the Cinobufacini in combination with platinum-contained first-line chemotherapy(versus chemotherapy alone) were collected through PubMed,Cochrane library,CNKI,VIP,CBM,and Wan Fang Database from database inception to December 2018. Two researchers extracted data and assessed the literature quality separately,and made a Meta-analysis by using Rev Man 5. 3 software. Twenty-seven RCTs were included in the present review,involving 2 125 patients,1 082 in treatment group and 1 043 in control group. The Meta-analysis results showed that as compared with chemotherapy alone,the combination of Cinobufacini and platinum-contained first-line chemotherapy could enhance one year survival rate(RR = 1. 34,95%CI[1. 17,1. 55],P< 0. 01),two year survival rate(RR = 1. 84,95% CI[1. 31,2. 59],P<0. 01),objective tumor response rate(RR = 1. 47,95%CI[1. 33,1. 63],P<0. 01); improve the quality of life for patients(RR =1. 54,95%CI[1. 37,1. 72],P < 0. 01); and reduce the incidences of WBC toxicity(RR = 0. 63,95% CI[0. 49,0. 80],P < 0. 01),platelet toxicity(RR = 0. 54,95%CI[0. 35,0. 84],P<0. 01),gastrointestinal reactions(RR = 0. 60,95%CI[0. 45,0. 80],P<0. 05),pain(RR = 1. 68,95% CI[1. 38,2. 03],P< 0. 01),and hair loss reaction(RR = 0. 76,95% CI[0. 59,0. 98],P < 0. 05). The results showed that for the treatment of NSCLC,the addition of cinofacini to conventional platinum-contained chemotherapy can increase the long-term and short-term efficacy of chemotherapy,improve the quality of life for patients,and reduce the side effects of platinumbased chemotherapy drugs. However,more high quality and large-scale randomized controlled trials are required to verify this conclusion in the future.