Xantomas eruptivos: manifestación cutánea de desórdenes de las lipoproteínas / Eruptive xanthomas: skin manifestation of the lipoprotein disorders

Los xantomas constituyen tumores cutáneos, y se presentan por depósitos de lipoproteínas en los macrófagos tisulares. Clínicamente se manifiestan como lesiones papulosas o nodulares de color amarillento, estando relacionada su distribución con las diferentes formas clínicas de presentación. Aunque no se observan con frecuencia, su presencia puede alertar sobre la existencia de alteraciones en los niveles lipídicos en sangre, y es por lo que se presentó este caso, donde la presencia de los xantomas fue indicador de un incremento de los niveles de colesterol y triglicéridos, lo que pudo constituir un importante factor de riesgo para que la paciente presentara alteraciones en otros sistemas...

Xanthomas are skin tumors, and they present as a cause of lipoprotein deposits in tissue macrophages. Clinically they take the form of yellow papular or nodular lesions, being related its distribution with their different forms of presentation. Though they are not very frequent, their presence can alert about the existence of alterations in the lipid levels in blood. That is why we presented this case, where the presence of xanthomas was an indicator of the cholesterol and triglycerides level increase, what probably was an important risk fact for the patient to present alterations in other systems...

Xanthomas: a marker for hyperlipidemias

Xanthomas are deposits of lipids in the skin and sometimes of the subcutaneous tissue that are expressed clinically as yellowish papules and plaques, nodules, and tumors. They are often, but not always, a consequence of hyperlipidemia. In these cases, a meticulous work-up nearly always reveals some disturbance in regards to the metabolism of the lipids-lack of certain lipoproteins, for example. Xanthoma tuberosum and tendinosum occur in persons with familiar hypercholesterolemia, palmar crease xanthoma in familial dysbetalipoproteinemia, plane xanthoma in persons with an underlying lymphoproliferative disorder (or normolipemic), and eruptive xanthoma in those with a genetically-transmitted lipoprotenemia. In sum, each type of xanthoma and any associated abnormality in lipid metabolism can be diagnosed with specificity. Xanthomas are deposits of lipid in the skin or subcutaneous tissue that manifest clinically as yellowish papules, nodules and tumors. They are often associated with hyperlipidemias, although some of them may be normolipemic. Xanthomas result when abnormalities in the transportation of lipids such as cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids cause these lipids to be deposited in the skin and being ingested by tissue macrophages. When they are deposited in the walls of arteries, they promote the development of atherosclerosis. Sometimes, by identifying the clinical variant of the xanthoma, the lipoprotein that is deposited and the clinical associations can be predicted. This discussion will focus on those xanthomas associated with hyperlipidemias

Xantomatosis e hiperlipoproteinemia en la infancia: a propósito de un caso clínico / Xanthomas and hiperlipoproteinemia in infancy: apropos of a clinical case

Los xantomas cutáneos pueden ser marcadores cutáneos de una patología subyacente, por lo que su identificación y el conocimiento básico de las hiperlipoproteinemias hereditarias que afectan a la población infantil nos ayudarán a realizar un diagnóstico y derivación precoz de los pacientes portadores de estas enfermedades. Las alteraciones de las lipoproteínas pueden acompañarse de patologías tales como diabetes mellitus, enfermedad tiroidea o enfermedad cardiovascular ateroesclerótica precoz. Presentamos el caso clínico de un escolar portador de xantomas e hiperlipoproteinemia

Xantomatosis plana difusa asociada a gammapatía monoclonal / Diffuse plane xantomatosis associated with monoclonal gammapathy

La xantomatosis plana difusa es una enfermedad rara, dentro del grupo de las xantomatosis. Se presenta con infiltración y cambio de coloración de la piel; puede asociarse a enfermedades sistémicas, las que marcan su pronóstico. Se presenta un caso de xantomatosis plana difusa asociada a gammapatía monoclonal