Sarcoma de kaposi: clasificación y evaluación en Zimbabwe / Kaposi's sarcoma: classification and evaluation in Zimbabwe

Se realizó estudio prospectivo longitudinal con los pacientes diagnosticados de sarcoma de Kaposi (SK), quienes fueron atendidos en la consulta especializada para esa entidad en el hospital Parirenyatwa de Harare, Zimbabwe entre 2005 y 2006, a los que se les recogieron variables como edad, sexo, resultado de biopsia de piel, prueba de VIH, tiempo de detección de la enfermedad y estadios en que se encontraban. Se encontró que el sexo más afectado fue el masculino con 63,5 por ciento de los pacientes, 87,9 por ciento tenían menos de 16 meses de detección de la enfermedad. 93 por ciento de los pacientes se encontraban en los estadios 3 y 4 de la enfermedad, 95,3 por ciento de los pacientes se clasificaron como SK epidémico y endémico solo 2,6 por ciento; la relación masculino: femenino fue de 8:1 en el SK endémico. 77,1 por ciento de los pacientes con SK epidémico tenían entre 25 y 44 años y 59 por ciento de los endémicos tenían más de 55 años(AU)

A prospective and longitudinal study was done among the patients diagnosed of suffering Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS). They were treated in specialized consultation for this disease in Parirenyatwa Hospital of Harare, Zimbabwe between 2005 and 2006. To whom were collected different variables such as age, sex, skin biopsy result, HIV test, time of detection and stages of this disease. Finding that sex more affected was masculine with 63,5 percent of patients, 87,9 percent of patients had a time of detection were less than 16 months, 93 percent of patients were found between 3 and 4 stage of this disease, 95,3 percent were classified as epidemic KS and 2,6 percent endemic KS, ratio male-female was 8:1 in endemic KS and 77,17 percent of patients with epidemic KS were between 25 and 44 years and 59 percent of endemic KS were more then 55 years(AU)

The impact of repeated treatment with praziquantel of schistosomiasis in children under six years of age living in an endemic area for Schistosoma haematobium infection

Praziquantel was given every eight weeks for two years to children aged under six years of age, living in a Schistosoma haematobium endemic area. Infection with S. haematobium and haematuria were examined in urine and antibody profiles (IgA, IgE, IgM, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) against S. haematobium adult worm and egg antigens were determined from sera collected before each treatment. Chemotherapy reduced infection prevalence and mean intensity from 51.8 percent and 110 eggs per 10 ml urine, respectively, before starting re-treatment programme to very low levels thereafter. Praziquantel is not accumulated after periodic administration in children. Immunoglobulin levels change during the course of treatment with a shift towards 'protective' mechanisms. The significant changes noted in some individuals were the drop in 'blocking' IgG2 and IgG4 whereas the 'protecting' IgA and IgG1 levels increased. The antibody profiles in the rest of the children remained generally unchanged throughout the study and no haematuria was observed after the second treatment. The removal of worms before production of large number of eggs, prevented the children from developing morbidity

Sanitation, community environments, and childhood diarrhoea in rural Zimbabwe.

Childhood diarrhoea can be transmitted within the household and community environments. This study examined the effect of partial latrine coverage on diarrhoeal morbidity at the household and community levels. Weekly morbidity data on 272 children, aged less than five years, were collected for 45 weeks from October 1996 to August 1997 in two neighbouring semi-arid communities in rural Zimbabwe. The communities were similar except for sanitation. In Community A, 62% of the children lived in households with a latrine, and in Community B, there was no sanitation. Diarrhoeal morbidity was 68% lower in Community A than in Community B. In addition, the children from the households in Community A without a latrine had lower diarrhoeal morbidity than the children in Community B. The inter-community difference in diarrhoeal morbidity was likely to be due to the latrines and associated hygiene education interrupting intra- and inter-household transmission of diarrhoea. The latrines reduced faecal contamination of the community environment, and as diarrhoeal morbidity fell, contact between infectives and susceptibles within the community would also have fallen. The neighbourhoods in Community A where the adjacent households did not have sanitation had higher diarrhoeal morbidity than in the neighbourhoods where one household did have sanitation. The results of the study suggest that sanitation programmes, which share building costs between the state and individuals, i.e. households, and hence, do not achieve complete coverage in a community, benefit the whole community, because the households that cannot afford a latrine experience lower diarrhoeal morbidity due to the safer community environment.