Résumé
Hypertension [HTN] affects nearly 26% of the adult population worldwide. Assessment of factors which influence blood pressure is a major topic for public health. One of these preventable risk factors is smoking. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 3115 [1842 [59.1%] females] teachers from Shiraz. The participants aged between 21 and 73 years. A questionnaire was used to collect data on several cardiovascular disease risk factors including smoking and blood pressure. The prevalence of smoking in our study group was 5.85%; 1.52% of the studied participants were ex-smokers. The prevalence of pre-HTN and HTN [JNC VII] was 42.6% and 18.2%, respectively. HTN was more prevalent among men and elderly people. Pre-HTN was more prevalent in smokers but HTN was more frequent in non-smokers. The mean rang of systolic and diastolic HTN, and pulse pressure was greater in heavy smokers than those who smoked <20 packs year, although the difference was not statically significant. The relation between the smoking status and blood pressure is not yet obvious. However, it seems that cessation or at least reduction in the amount of smoking would significantly decrease blood pressure
Résumé
Corrosion is one of the most complex and costiy problems related to drinking water. Corrosion can affect the public health, acceptability of the drinking water source and supplying costs. The aim of this study was to determine the corrosion potentiality of drinking water in Shiraz city in 2007- 2008 through corrosion and stability index [Langlier Saturation Index, Ryznar Stability Index, Aggressiveness Index and Pockurius Scaling Index]. The results indicate the mean and standard deviation for temperature, pH, and pHs were equal to 22.84 and 2.93 °C, 7.69 and 0.28, and 6.83 and 0.24 respectively. Also the mean and standard deviation of total suspended solid [TDS], calcium hardness, and total alkalinity was equal to 656.8 and 190.9, 465.37 and 121, and 271.6 and 67 respectively. Also Langlier Saturation Index was equal to 0.86 and 0.23, respectively and for Ryznar Stability Index [RSI] was equal 5.95 and 0.36, respectively. Obtained results showed that the mean and standard deviation for Aggressiveness Index [AI] and Pockurius Scaling Index [PSI] was equal to 10.54 and 0.23, and 8.06 and 0.15, respectively. By studying the corrosion indexes it was found that most of these indexes in Shiraz drinking water have scaling potentiality and only in a few instances station have corrosion potentiality
Résumé
Background: The war, motor accident, risk full journeys, new combat sport and finally rising of work accident, war and combat have increasing body injury including facial fractures and Concomitant injuries. This study design to determine frequency of maxillofacial fractures features in referral patients to Besat, 15 Khordad and Shahriyar hospital in 2002-3
Material and Method: This study based on quota sampling at 2002-3 year on 135 patients with maxillofacial fractures who refer to three above hospital. The obtain data after sampling record to check list and then analyzed with SPSS11.5
Results: The patient in 3rd decade of age [53.3%] is the most frequent and 86.7% of them were male. The most frequency of maxillofacial fractures cause was motorcycle accident [63.7%] and falling down [1 7%], and the most frequent locations of fracture were mandible [55.6%], maxilla [35.6%]. The most frequent treatments were Orif [48.05%], Close Reduction [25.54%]. Edema [92.6%], Tenderness [81.5%] and ecchymosis [56.3%] were the most frequent singes and no one of dead was report
Conclusion: The result of this study show that the most cases of the maxillaryfacial injuries are caused by car accident, and it is necceccery more pay attention to the safety principles in driving law and use to seat belt
Résumé
Background: The war, motor accident, risk full journeys, new combat sport and finally rising of work accident, war and combat have increasing body injury including facial fractures and Concomitant injuries. This study design to determine frequency of maxillofacial fractures features in referral patients to Besat, 15 Khordad and Shahriyar hospital in 2002-3
Material and Method: This study based on quota sampling at 2002-3 year on 135 patients with maxillofacial fractures who refer to three above hospital. The obtain data after sampling record to check list and then analyzed with SPSS11.5
Results: The patient in 3[rd] decade of age [53.3%] is the most frequent and 86.7% of them were male. The most frequency of maxillofacial fractures cause was motorcycle accident [63.7%] and falling down [17%], and the most frequent locations of fracture were mandible [55.6%], maxilla [35.6%]. The most frequent treatments were Orif [48.05%], Close Reduction [25.54%]. Edema [92.6%], Tenderness [81.5%] and ecchymosis [56.3%] were the most frequent singes and no one of dead was report
Conclusion: The result of this study show that the most cases of the maxillaryfacial injuries are caused by car accident, and it is necceccery more pay attention to the safety principles in driving law and use to seat belt