[Correlation between the concentration of air pollutants [CO, SO[2] and NO[2]] and pulmonary function]

Background and aim: Due to significant role of air pollutants on lung diseases this study aimed to examine the effects of concentration of air pollutants [CO¡SO[2]¡NO[2]] on Spirometric lung function

Methods: The sample cities, Arak [as an industrial contaminated city] and Khomain, [as a non-contaminated non-industrial city], were divided into Ira 10 and 5 regions, respectively. A sample of air pollutants [CO¡SO[2]¡NO[2]] was measured randomly by PSI [Pollution Standard Index] machine throughout the year from spring to winter. Random samples consisted of 522 non-smokers from Khomain and 547 from Arak were selected. Pulmonary function tests were completed on all participants. The mean concentration of air pollutants and distribution index of lung capacity were subjected to regression analysis

Results: Analysis of the results showed that PSI in Arak was 101.83+/-4.54 and in Khomain was 89.17+/-18.58 [P<0.05]. Measured values FVC and PEF in Arak were significant lower than Khomain [P<0.05]. The mean values for the concentration of CO, SO[2] and NO[2] in Arak were higher than Khomain, although the differences were significant only for CO and SO[2] [P<0.001]. The three pollutants [NO[2], SO[2] and CO] showed a significant correlation between mean VC [P<0. 001] FVC, [P<0.05] with concentrations of SO[2] and PEF with NO[2] [P<0.001]. In Arak, the correlation between the predicted FVC and concentration of CO was negative and significant

Conclusion: The mean value of concentration of SO[2], CO and NO[2] in Arak were higher than Khomain. In Arak, a significant negative correlation was also observed between FVC and the concentration of CO. These pollutants and their resources should be annually measured and monitored

[Effect of concentration of air pollutants [PM10, O3 and H[2]S] on lung capacity in the cities Arak and Khomain, Iran]

Background: The present study investigates the effect of different concentrations of air pollutants [PM10, O3. H[2]S] on the function of lung

Materials and Methods: Arak and Khomain cities were divided into 10 and 5 regions, respectively. A sample of air pollutants [PM10, O3 .H[2]S] was measured by PSI [pollution standard index] machine randomly from spring to winter. Two random samples consisting of 1069 non-smoker residents of the two cities [522 from Khomain and 547 from Arak] were selected. Regression test mode were used to analyze data

Results: PSI in the cities Arak and Khomain was 101.83+/-14.54 and 89.17+/-18.58, respectively. Predicted values of FVC, FEVI, FEF 25-75%, MEF 50%, and PEF in Arak were 10.2%, 11.7%, 35.5%, 30.9%, and 40% abnormal, respectively. These values in Khomain were 8.8%, 11.3%, 35.4%, 33.9%, and 40.6% abnormal, respectively. The concentrations of H[2]S in both cities were above the standard values. There was no significant relationship between the concentrations of O3, H[2]S, PM10 and vital capacity. However, there was a considerable correlation between the mean of FEF, FEF 25- 75%, and concentration of O3 at P<0.001 and P=0.016 level of significance, respectively. In Arak the correlation observed between FVC and concentration of O3 was not significant. In Khomain a negative correlation was observed between VC with H[2]S and PM10 on one hand and FVC with H[2]S and PM10 on the other

Conclusion: The main pollutants in Arak was PM10 and in Khomain were H[2]S and O3. Measuring these pollutants throughout the year is necessary

[Evaluation of effective clinicopathologic factors on patients outcome with well differentiated thyroid carcinoma]

Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer of endocrine system. Clinical, pathological and therapeutic factors affected patients' outcome with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. To evaluation the effective clinicopathologic factors on patients outcome with well differentiated thyroid carcinoma. In this retrospective analytic-descriptive study. Patients' files with thyroid carcinoma who referred to radiology and oncology ward in Omid and Ghaem hospital of Mashhad were assessed from 1996-2006. Cases with pathologic report of papillary and follicular carcinoma were considered and a specific questionnaire include age, sex, accepted time, pathologic subtype, tumor size and metastases, adjuvant treatment, last follow time, recurrence time, patient condition in the end refer and death time was recorded. The patients' mean age was 50.14 and median age was 52 years. 66 patients [85.7%] had papillary and 11 cases [14.3%] had follicular carcinoma. End condition in 43 cases [55.8%] was good and in 34 cases [44.2%] was bad. Mean survival time was 44.1 and median survival time was 36 months. There was a meaningful correlation between T stage with end condition [P=0.037] but there was no meaningful correlation between N stage with end condition [P=0.665]. Metastases in the first reference time had a clear correlation with patients' outcome. 41 patients [59.4%] from 69 cases with MO disease had a good end condition, against only one patient [16.7%] from 6 cases with Ml had a good outcome [P<0.001]. Also there was a meaningful correlation between patients' outcome and clinical stage [P=0.075]. None of the adjuvant treatment included iodine therapy [P=0.36], hormone therapy [P=0.378], chemotherapy and radiotherapy affected patients outcome. According to this study, factors with influence on patient's outcome with differentiated thyroid carcinoma were tumor stage, metastases in the first reference and clinical tumor stage. Lymph node involvement and adjuvant treatment had no effect on patients' prognosis

[ effect of Cardamom-tea watery extract on oxidative stress]

Imbalance between the production of free radicals and the antioxidant defense system causes oxidative stress. The cardamom is the fruit of the Elettaria cardamomum maton which probably has an antioxidant property. Aim of this study is assess of effect of cardamom-tea watery extract on oxidative stress. This clinical trial research was carried out on 54 persons. Firstly 5ml venous blood was collected and the parameter of the oxidative stress in their blood was evaluated. Then they were given every day 3 grams of cardamom and 1 gram of tea as like as 100 ml cardamom-tea watery extract for two weeks. After 2 weeks 5 ml blood was collected and the parameters of oxidative stress in their blood serum was evaluated for the second time. The parameters of first and second group of bloods were compared by SPSS software. The mean of total antioxidant capacity of serum before and after cardamom-tea extract were 1.96 +/- 0.64 micro mol/ml and 2.23 +/- 0.46 micro mol/ml respectively [p=0.009]. The mean of lipid peroxidation before and after cardamom-tea were 14.97 +/- 3.58 nmol/ml and 12.07=/-5.91 nmol/ml respectively [p=0/002]. The mean of total thiol group before and after cardamom-tea were 0.244 +/- 0.200, 0.266 +/- 0.166nmol respectively [p=0.141]. Th cardamom- tea reduces the amount of lipid peroxidation and enhanced the antiosidant markedly. So, the cardamom-tea decreases the amount of oxidative stress in blood. Therefore the cardamom-tea in the people diet is useful

[Investigating the relation between ABO blood group and Rh with peptic ulcer]

Peptic ulcer is a condition in which there is an ulcer in stomach or duodenum. The incidence of peptic ulcer is 5 to 10% and is more prevalent in men. Infection with helicobacter pylon, NSAIDS, smoking and alcoholism are of the most important risk factors. Another risk factor is the 0 blood group. Since most researches in this field are done abroad this study is done with the aim of determining the relation between ABO blood group and Rh with peptic ulcer. In this case-control study, 325 persons with dyspepsia were investigated. These individuals were referred for endoscopy. The case group was 110 persons in whom endoscopy had revealed a peptic ulcer and control group was 215 persons in whom endoscopy had showed no sign of ulcer. Blood grouping was performed by slide and tube methods .Chi 2 test was used for data analysis. Based on the results patients' age was between 18-75 years. 68.6% of samples were women because they had more referrals. There was a significant relation between age and sex with peptic ulcer. 25.5% of patients were single and 72.5% married. Among all samples; 32.9% had A blood group, 18.5% B, 11.1% AB and 37.5% O; and 88% were Rh positive and 12% Rh negative. There was no significant relation between ABO blood group and Rh with peptic ulcer. The gathered data was analyzed using odds ratio, relative risk and Chi 2 test. Although some investigations have showed correlations between ABO blood group and ulcer peptic, our data showed no correlation. This may be due to the prevalence of helicobacter pylori infection among patients with peptic ulcer which needs more investigations. Other effective factors may be life style and nutrition

Effect of metronidazole on amount of blood's lipids of hyperlipidemia people

Metronidazole has antibacterial and antiparasitic action. Therefore it can use for treatment inflammatory diseases as Crohn. The effect of metronidazole on human's blood lipids to reducing levels of LDL and VLDL and increasing level of HDL is under investigation. Target of this research is consideration effect of metronidazole on hyperlipidemia case of death such as coronary artry disrase. This study is a triple blind clinical trial was done on 100 voluntaries between 25-65 years old. with hyperlipidemia. Samples divided in two equal groups. The first group received metronidazol, 500mg, BID, for 10 days, and control group received placebo with the same dose. Lipids of serum were measured before and after using drugs, then data analyzed by SPSS software. In metronidazol group amount of total cholesterol, LDL and Triglyceride were significantly less than placebo group. HDL's amount in metronidazole group was significantly more than placebo group. Significant effect of metronidazole on reducing harmful blood lipids and increasing useful blood lipids. It can be suggested a probable candidate in treatment of hyperlipidemia. Maybe it can use with this application. Although it needs to more study by meta analysis to validate this effect

[ long term effects of occupational electromagnetic fields exposure on peripheral blood indexes in workers of aluminum processing factory of Arak]

The effect of electromagnetic fields on human health and especially the risk of carcinogenesis have been comprehensively studied. However, the vast majority of findings of these studies were controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of electromagnetic fields on the hematological determinants in individuals who exposed to these fields during long-term period. This was a prospective study carried out in an aluminum processing factory in Arak, Iran. First, the magnetic strength of the field was measured about 25-32 mTesla. Subsequently, 200 workers from the exposed group [case] and 200 workers from non-exposed group [control] were chosen from the same factory with age and sex match. Both groups were examined and followed up using physical exam, data gathering sheet and CBC during two consecutive years. Using SPSS, the data were analyzed and P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. There was no difference between mean age or sex of the two groups studied. Means of hematological determinants in the exposed group were more than those of the non-exposed group in the cases of neutrophiles, red blood cells [RBC], haemoglobine and hematocrite during two consecutive years. Also, the means of monocytes, RBC, Hb and HCT were statistically different between the two groups during this period [p<0.05]. However, no case of malignancy, anemia, polycytemia or coagulopathy was detected in the two groups. Although there was statistically significant difference between the two groups, all the blood indices were in the normal range in both groups and no pathological abnormality was detected in their hemalopoietic system. Conclusively, to determine the hematological disorders in exposed workers, more comprehensive studies during long-term period may be required

[ effect of clinical research center, on clinical researches of Arak University of medical science]

Performing correct research in different aspects of community as well as medical sciences can be a way to resolve many problems. In order to create a systematic knowledge of research method in academic members of Arak University of medical science and enabling them in providing proposals and performing researches, a clinical research center was developed. This study is done to investigate the effect of this center on improving clinical researches in the University. This is a HSR, before and after, interventional study in which, clinical academic members of Arak University of medical science were evaluated. First the information of the pre intervention period was gathered [jan2002-jan2004]. Then the intervention was done in the form of development a research center in Vali-Asr hospital, performing serial research workshops, research conferences, research consultations and planning data bases during a 2 years period. Again data was gathered and then compared to those of pre intervention period. The comparison of pre and post intervention periods showed that in pre intervention period from 38 proposals 30 and in post intervention period from 89 proposals 76 were approved by research committee of the University. In the two pre and post intervention periods 14 [46.6%] and 50 [65.8%] of accepted proposals were clinical respectively. Also from the view point of quality, 11 and 15 proposals were HSR, 2 and 22 clinical trials and 8 and 8 descriptive, respectively. The number of published articles in first period was 45 and in second 84. Presented articles in internal and external congresses were 33 and 59 in the two periods overally, which 25 and 51 articles were presented in the country and 8 and 8 in abroad congresses, respectively. Regarding the results it seems developing research center in this University and other similar Universities can have a significant effect on the process of clinical researches

[ comparison of total antioxidant capacity of serum and saliva between patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and control]

In human body, there are a number of special systems to defend the damages caused by antioxidant. In some diseases the defense system against antioxidant activity alters and this alteration may be used in recognizing and the processing of different diseases. Diabetes is one of the most common and important chronic illnesses in which the antioxidant capacity is altered. The aim of this research was to determine and compare the antioxidant capacity of both serum and saliva of diabetics compare to the control group. This is a cross - sectional research in which those under studying are 42 people of with type II diabetes mellitus coming and going to the Arak diabetes center as the case group with 42 people of control group which were in the same age and sex with the people in the case group from the point of total antioxidant capacity in serum and saliva were compared. The capacity of antioxidant in serum and saliva was measured by FRAP method. The average and standard deviation [mean +/- SD] of the total antioxidant capacity of serum and saliva in case group were in range: 2.51 +/- 0.088, 1.90 +/- 0.110 micro m/ml and in control group were: 2.90 +/- 0.107, 1.97 +/- 0.098 micro m/ml. [P=0.001, 0.74] From the statistical viewpoint, the increase in the total antioxidant capacity of serum in case group was meaningful, but the decrease in the total antioxidant capacity in saliva was not meaningful. Our results showed that the antioxidant capacity in the patients' s serum was higher than that in the control group. However, this difference was not observed in the saliva of these two groups. Conclusively, if this capacity of antioxidant is used in recognizing and processing of the disease, this difference should be taken into account

[ study of acute renal failure incidence in patientsadmitted to emergency surgical ward of Vali-e-Asr hospital, Arak]

Acute renal failure [ARF] is one of the relatively incident complications in surgical emergency wards and is defined as increasing serum urea and creatinine and decreasing GFR. In this study we investigated acute renal failure incidence in patients admitted to emergency surgical ward. This is a cross sectional analytical study in which j all patients with primary diagnosis of emergency surgery [traumatic or nontraumatic] admitted in emergency surgery ward were selected. After history taking and physical assessment patients having history of kidney diseases were excluded. Urinalysis, BUN and creatinine tests were performed for all samples. Data was analyzed by SPSS software. In this study 2100 patients [1280 male] were assessed during a 10 month period. 5.66% of samples had some degree of ARF. 1136 patients undergone surgery due to accidents and trauma [72% multiple trauma and 28% single trauma] and 964 patients due to nontraumatic emergencies. ARF was seen in 6.84% of the first and 4.25% of the second group. ARF incidence in male and female was 5.6% and 5.7% respectively. The overall incidence of ARF in this study was not so different / fromdevelopedcountries.ARFwassignificantlymoreincidentintraumatic