[ function of vulnerable and at-risk women in prevention of HIV/AIDS]

Regarding little information about sexual behavior of vulnerable women to AIDS, mentioned in the second report of Ministry of Health and Medical Education [2006], this study has been conducted to determine the function of vulnerable and at-risk women to AIDS in Tehran in 2009. This descriptive study was done on 128 vulnerable and at-risk women who participated in this study in Tehran in 2009. The samples were a combination of available visitor passed to Drop-in Centers, behavioral or triangular clinic and those who were introduced by participant women through Respondent Driven Sampling. Data were collected by trained interviewers. Quantitative and qualitative descriptive statistics was reported as numbers, percentages, and, also, Mean and Standard deviation respectively. Analytical findings and determination of differentiations and correlation were evaluated based on Chi-squared test. In this study only 22 [17.2%] of participants mentioned that they have always used condom. Partner unwillingness was the most common reason [64%] for not using condom. Twenty-four percent of participants have received free condom from triangular, Drop-in and health centers in the last year. Only 32[25%] had done HIV test. The study showed the function of at-risk women in prevention of HIV/AIDS is not satisfactory. If the situation continues in this way, vulnerable women and society will be at more risk

[Graft refractive surgery for post-DALK atigmatism in keratoconus]

Evaluate the effect of relaxing incision and adjustment sutures to correct astigmatism after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty [DALK] in patients with keratoconus. This interventional case series included keratoconic eyes undergoing graft refractive surgery [GRS] for intolerable post-DALK astigmatism. The technique of graft refractive surgery for the 5 initial cases consisted of relaxing incisions at the steep meridian in the graft-host interface down to Descemet's membrane. The main outcomes were uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity, and change in refractive and keratometric astigmatism using subtraction and vector analysis methods. Fourteen eyes of 14 keratoconic patients [12 male subjects] with history of DALK underwent GRS. Mean age of the patients was 29.36 +/- 6.2 years and mean follow-up period was 12.0 +/- 7.4 months after initial GRS. Mean preoperative BCVA was 0.29 +/- 0.1 logMAR which improved to 0.22 +/- 0.1 logMAR after the operation [P=0.007]. Average keratometric astigmatism was reduced by 3.8 D and 5.5 D as measured by subtraction and vector analysis methods, respectively. Relaxing incisions and suturing at the steep meridian followed by selective suture removal can effectively and predictably reduce post-DALK astigmatism in patients with keratoconus