[ investigation of molecular epidemiology of Shigella soneii isolated from clinical cases in Tehran using RAPD-PCR method]

Bloody diarrhea [Shigellosis] is caused by different species of Shigella and is often seen in children befor than under 15 years old must be aded. less than 15 years of age. This disease is extremely contagious, epidemic and endemic in communities with low level hygiene and in majority of cases is accompanied with hemolytic uremia syndrome and decreased children's growth. As the rate of infection by Shigella soneii among different ranges of age is considered as an indicator of hygiene level, this study was designed to detect the rate of infection by Shigella soneii among different ranges of ages in Tehran by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA [RAPD-PCR] between 2002-2006. In this study totally 60 isolates of Shigella soneii taken from 36 [60%] boys and 24 [40%] girls were studied. All isolates were primary confirmed as Shigella species by biochemical [Motility, MR, Citrate, H[2]S, Indole, Lysin decarboxylase, Ornitin decarboxylase, ONPG] and serologic tests; then all isolates were finally confirmed as Shigella soneii by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA [RAPD-PCR] test. Among all 60 patients, the highest rate of infection with Shigella soneii belonged to 1-2 year-old group [36/7%]. Furthermore, the lowest rate of infection belonged to group with more than 9 years of age [1/6%]. This study showed that RAPD PCR method had a relative good discrimination power, and was a good method for typing of Shigella isolates in molecular epidemiological studies according to its high discrimination power, typing ability, reproducibility, low cost, rapidity and easy of use

Antimicrobial susceptibility and AP-PCR typing of acinetobacter Spp. strains

Acinetobacter spp., as important opportunistic pathogens, have been found to be responsible for an increasing number of nosocomial infections. This study was undertaken to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular typing of Iranian isolates of A. baumannii. The study was conducted over a period of 19 months in three hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Acinetobacter spp. Were isolated from different clinical specimens using standard bacteriological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed according to the standard CLSI guideline using 17 antibiotic disks. The AP-PCR fingerprinting was carried out using ARB11 primer. The PCR product was run and visualized in 2% agarose gels and stained with ethidium bromide. The AP-PCR profiles were grouped depending on the patterns of the amplified bands. Sixty seven strains of Acinetobacter spp. [including 21 A. baumannii and 46 non- A. baumannii] were isolated. The sources of these isolates were blood, urine, wound, and respiratory tract. A. baumannii isolates were further studied. Results showed that all A. baumannii isolates were resistant to at least 11 antibiotics tested. AP-PCR analysis of A. baumannii strains resulted in 7 different patterns. The dominant AP-PCR pattern was E [57.1%]. Acinetobacter spp. are still important nosocomial pathogens in the region studied and most of isolates were multi-drug resistant. Our results also indicate that the AP-PCR technique represents a rapid and simple means for typing of A. baumannii