Application of monascus purpureus pigments produced using some food industry wastes in beef sausage manufacture

Physicochemical properties and sensory evaluation of beef sausage samples containing Monascus pigments were followed during 90 days of storage at -18°C. The cooking yield of control beef sausage samples [containing 3% starch] was the lowest initial cooking and achieved a level of 82.9% and almost the highest value of cooking loss [17.11%]. While, the beef sausage samples containing 0.25% dry red rice showed the highest initial cooking yield [91.11%] and the lowest cooking loss [8.87%]. The water holding capacity [WHC] of all samples decreased progressively, throughout the storage period. Control samples had the lowest WHC after 90 days of storage at -18°C when compared with other samples containing Monascus pigments and all samples tended to decrease in plasticity. The chemical constituents of beef sausage samples were affected by freezing and storage period. The moisture, protein and ash contents were gradually decreased with increasing the storage period and vice versa for fat content. The results indicated that, thiobarbituric acid [TEA] values increased with increasing the storage period, and the control samples recorded the highest TBA values after 90 days of frozen storage. For the total volatile nitrogen [TVN] values, all samples had a slight increase in TVN values during frozen storage. Storage of different samples at -18°C for 90 days considerably reduced the counts of the initial total bacterial, total Coliform and Staphylococcus sp. of beef sausage samples. The sensory evaluation of cooked beef sausage samples indicated that, the samples containing 0.3% and 0.45% dry biomass and 0.5% and 0.75% dry red rice gave a higher rating than the other samples. Results indicated that, high scores for the parameters of appearance, juiciness, tenderness, colour, aroma and overall acceptability for samples containing 0.3% and 0.45% of dry biomass, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75% of dry red rice, 0.5% of red corn bran and 0.75% of dry red bagasse and proteilan mixture

1-Azido-4-Phenyl-1,4-Butanedione as a convenient precursor for the synthesis of various nitrogen heterocycles

1 -AZIDO-4-phenyl-1,4-butanedione 2 proved to be a convenient precursor for the synthesis of a variety of heterocyclic systems through its treatment with some acidic and basic reagents. For example, 2-benzazepine-1,5-dione 3, 1,3-oxazolane-2,4-dione 4a, 1,3-thiazolane-2,4-dione 4b, 1,3-oxazol-5-one 5, quinazoline-2,4-dione 7, 4,6-diaryl-2-pyrimidineones 9a-d, 2,5-bis-substituted amino-1,3,4-oxadiazole II,5-aryl-2-N-substituted amino-1,3,4-oxadiazoles 13a,b, 1,2,4-triazol-3-ones 14a,b, 1,3-benzoxazine-2,4 [3H]-dione 15 and 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2[3H]-ones 16a,b

Iron deposition in dark pigmented skin lesions associated with cirrhosis

This study was carried out on 23 patients having liver cirrhosis associated with dark brown edematous lower limbs [LL]. These cirrhotic patients were clinically and ultrasonographically normal in 30% and 17%, respectively. The only clue to suspect underlying liver cirrhosis was this pigmentation and abnormal liver functions. There was a great resemblance between this physical sign and that of chronic venous insufficiency, that 17% of cirrhotic patients visited Vascular Surgery Clinic. However, duplex examination of venous system in lower extremity in these patients were normal. Skin biopsy from these pigmented lesions showed deposition of iron at perivascular and epidermal areas in all cases and mild vasculitis in 30% of cases. It was concluded that dark pigmented edematous legs is an important physical sign suspecting underlying liver cirrhosis. This pigmentation was due to iron deposition. Skin biopsy is of value in demonstrating vasculitis even in absence of vasculitis rash

Significance of iomantibody to hepatitis C virus in Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C

This study was carried out on 30 patients suffering from chronic HCV infection. It was found that the frequency of IgM anti-HCV in these patients was 43.3%. The frequency was 54.5% and 36% in patients with and those without schistosomal ova, respectively. This difference was statistically insignificant. Presence or absence of IgM-HCV did not affect liver functions in studied patients. 6 patients in this study showed normal liver functions, while liver biopsy showed chronic persistent hepatitis and unresolved hepatitis in 66.8% of them. Also, IgM anti-HCV could be documented in any one of them. There was significant correlation between severity of liver pathology and presence of IgM-HCV. IgM-HCV was present in 55.6% of patients with chronic active hepatitis [CAH] with or without cirrhosis, while IgM-HCV was present in only 30% of patients with chronic persistent hepatitis [CPH] and unresolved hepatitis. Liver function tests did not reflect the severity of underlying liver pathology in patients with chronic HGV infection. Presence or absence of schistosomal ova did not affect frequency of detection of IgM-HCV in patients with chronic HCV infection. Presence of IgM-HCV usually associated with severe underlying liver pathology [CAH + cirrhosis]