[ MIC study of antibiotics used in the treatment of children with urinary tract infections caused by E.coli using E-test and its comparison with disk diffusion]

Urinary tract infection [UTI] is one of the most common bacterial infections in the childhood which could result in chronic renal failure and hypertension. Antibiotic resistance is increasing due to widely using of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the MIC of antibiotics which are using in the treatment of UTI in children by E-test. In this descriptive study, 87 E.coli strains were isolated from the urine samples of the patients with UTI. E.coli antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using E-test. The MIC for each antibiotic was determined and classified using NCCLS criteria. Eighty seven urine samples were collected from 57 girls [65.5%] and 30 boys [34.5%]. The mean age for girls was 61 months and for boys was 41 months [p=0.015]. The MIC [50 and 90 percentiles] for each antibiotic was as fallow: Ampicillin [256, 256], Amikacin [1/5, 4/8], Gentamycin [0.38, 32], Nalidixic Acid [1/5, 256], Ceftriaxon [0.023, 32], Cefixim [0.19, 256] and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole [32, 32]. The antibiotic susceptibility rate for each antibiotic was as fallow: Ampicillin [21.8%], Amikacin [92%], Gentamycin [75.5%], Nalidixic Acid [64/4%], Ceftriaxon [72/4%], Cefixim [65/5%] and Trimethoprim- Sulfamethoxazole [41/4%]. This study showed that the antibiotic resistance of E.coli was very high. Due to increasing rate of E.coli resistance to Ampicillin and Cotrimoxasole in children, it is better to reconsider the empirical therapy with these antibiotics. Since in this study a lower resistance rate of E.coli was observed for Amikacin and Gentamycin therefore, we could suggest these antibiotics as alternatives in the treatment of children with urinary tract infection

[Retrospective study on the isolated strains of Salmonella in an Iranian hospital in Kermanshah]

A survey of occurrence of Salmonella in blood and bone marrow cultures was conducted in 1989- 1990 and 1999- 2000 [Sina hospital, Kermanshah]. A total of 496 [12.3%] and 60 [2.4%] Salmonella strains were isolated [from 4020 and 2447 cultures]. In 1989- 1990, the isolated strains were: S. typhi 448 [98.5%], S. paratyphi A 40 [8%], S. paratyphi B 5 [1%] and S. paratyphi C 3 [0.5%]. In 1999- 2000, the isolated strains were S. typhi 59 [98%] and S. paratyphi B 1 [1.5%]. There was a 60.9% reduction in the number of specimens over the 2 periods. The rate of Salmonella isolation fell from 12.3% [1989- 1990] to 2.4% [1999- 2000]. There was a 10.2, 8.3 and 6.6 times increase in resistance of S. typhi strains to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole respectively