Comparison the effect of 3 point valgus stress knee support and lateral wedge insoles in medial compartment knee osteoarthritis

There are many opinions and controversies regard the effect of lateral wedge insoles and valgus stress Spoint knee braces in treatment of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis [OA]. In this study we compared the effect of lateral wedge insoles and 3 point knee supports in treatment of medial compartment knee OA. Sixty patients [35-65 years], with knee pain and genu varum and moderate to severe medial compartment DJD were divided into three groups. The first group received a custom molded 3 point valgus stress knee support. Lateral wedge insoles were applied for the second group and the third group served as control. All groups were followed for 9 months according to pain severity, walking distance, and radiologic changes. Pain reduced significantly in both lateral wedge and knee brace groups compared to control group with more significant reduction in the brace group. The walking distance was significantly longer only in the brace group. There was more pronounced effect of brace in patients with severe DJD in walking distance compared to moderate DJD, but not in severity of pain. Three point valgus stress knee support had more significant effect on pain reduction, walking distance and also radiologic improvement of patients with moderate to severe medial compartment DJD compared to lateral wedge insoles and could even reverse radiologic findings

Investigation of the relationship between osteoporosis and sexual satisfaction in women

As clinical observations have shown, osteoporotic women were complaining of lack of sexual satisfaction and are more prone to depression. Hence, we decided to find the statistical direct relationship between these two factors. The case group included 53 menopause women [21 with osteoporosis and 32 with osteopena] and 53 premenopausal women [37 osteoporotic, and 16 osteopenic]. In the control group, there were 53 menopause women, and 53 premenopausal women who had normal bone density. Sexual satisfaction in both groups of case and control was assessed by standard Larson's sexual satisfaction questionnaire and bone density was investigated by Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry [DEXA], in Chamran Hospital bone mass densitometry center. The menopause women had significantly less sexual satisfaction in comparison with non-menopause ones. Osteoporotic women showed significantly less sexual satisfaction that means that the main effect of osteoporosis and menopause is significant. Osteoporotic women reported significantly less sexual satisfaction in comparison with the two groups of healthy women and osteopenic women [Scheffe test]. Osteopenic women also had less sexual satisfaction in comparison with healthy women. This study suggests that there is a relationship between bone loss and sexual satisfaction in both groups of women. Therefore, this correlation suggests the importance and necessity of quick diagnostic investigation and the management of osteoporosis in women with sexual dissatisfaction

[Synergistic effects of vitamin A and extremely low frequency electromagnetic field [50HZ] on limb bud development in balb/c mouse]

Vitamin A is involved in vertebrate morphogenesis, growth, cellular differentiation, and tissue homeostasis. Vitamin A and its metabolites are essential for adequate embryo development. Electromagnetic fields [EMFs] have been used effectively to treat some diseases, such as certain musculoskeletal and chondrogenic disorders. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of EMFs and Vitamin A on limb bud development in Balb/C mice in vivo. The Balb/C mice were used as experimental model. After mating, the pregnant mice were divided randomly into 3 groups as control, sham and experimental groups. Control and experimental groups received a single dose injection of Vitamin A [15000IU/Kg] on 10.5[th] gestational day, interaperitonealy. In addition, animals in experimental group were exposed to EMFs [50 Hz /100 gauss, for 4[th] during three days]. The animals were killed on the 15.5[th] day of gestation and were submitted to caesarian section. The obtained fetuses were examined externally with an analyzed under a stereoscopic microscope and were photographed. Data were analyzed statistically by t-test and ANOVA and Ktuskal-Wallis. Morphological and histological examinations showed significant changes in limb buds as compared with sham exposed and control groups. In both fore and hind limb buds significant decrease obtained in proximo-distal [P-D] and anterior posterior [A-P] axes [P<0.05]. Chondrocytes counts revealed a significant delay in the development of chondrocytes in experimental groups as compared with sham exposed and control groups [P<0.05]. Synergistic effects of vitamin A and extremely low frequency electromagnetic field [50Hz] cause delay in development

[ effects of mobile phone waves [940MHz] on embryonic development of hematopoiesis system in Balb/C mouse]

Today, increasing usage of microwaves generator sets such as cell phones, have been caused much worry related to their waves effects on human health. In this research, simulated waves effects of cell phones with frequency of 940MHz have been studied on hematopoiesis system of Balb/C mouse embryo. In an experimental study pregnant mice [Balb/C] were used as a laboratory model. The mice were divided into control, sham-exposed and experimental groups. The experimental groups were exposed to the waves on the 8[th] day of embryonic development for 4 or 10 days [everyday for 4 hours]. At the end of treatment period, the experimental samples, sham-exposed and control related to morphology and histology studies of hematopoiesis organs were done by light microscope. Using t-test and Mann-Whitney test, the quantitative data were analyzed. Morphologic study of embryos which were 18 days old didn't show any abnormality but the weight of experimental embryos [1.263 +/- 0.017 gr] compared with sham-exposed [1.268 +/- 0.006 gr] showed significant increase [P<0.05]. The study of tissue sections in embryos which were 12 days old didn't show significant change in tissue and cellular position of yolk sac of experimental samples as compared with control group. Also, tissue studies of embryos which were 18 days old didn't show any changes in general structure of liver, spleen, marrow bone but the number of Megakaryocytes of spleen and erythrocytes which had not nucleus in bone marrow of experimental samples showed significant increase as compared with the sham-exposed. The number of erythrocytes in liver which had not nucleus also showed significant increase as compared with the sham-exposed [P<0.05]. Waves of cell phones with frequency of 940MHz don't affect on general structure of liver, spleen, bone marrow of Balb/C embryos but it causes significant changes in the number of cells of these tissues

[ Comparison of the stretching with ethyl chloride spray and stretching after injection of the lidocaine in the treatment of the trigger points: single blind randomized clinical trial [RCT]]

Trigger points have been described as a cause of pain in clinical practice and an extremely source of musculoskeletal pain. Stretching can effectively inactive trigger points and provide symptomatic relief. This study compares muscle stretching immediately after inject of lidocaine vs. stretching with the ethyl chloride spray in the treatment of the trigger points. patients with trigger point in gluteal muscles were recruited using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria from Shiraz medical school clinics. Subjects under went 2 office visits and 2 phones follow up. In group A stretching was with spray of ethyl chloride and in group B stretching of muscle injected oone immediately after injection was done immediately after injection. Evaluation measure tools were 0-10 NRS, VAS and BPI. In respect to VAS and NRS there was statistical significance difference between both groups 1 month and 2 month after treatment. There was statistical significance difference between both groups in all measuremant aspect of BPI except [general activity and walking] one month after treatment. muscle stretching immediately after injection of lidocaine was more effective [at least up 2 month] than stretching after spray of the ethyl chloride in the symptomatic treatment of gluteal trigger points and improvement of functional activity of the patients

[ effect of a stretching- strengthening exercise program on decreasing pain index on workers with musculoskeletal complaints]

Musculoskeletal disorders are the leading cause of disability among people during working years which impose high expenses on the society in different aspects. this study was conducted to assess the effect of a stretching- strengthening exercise program on decreasing pain index on workers with musculoskeletal complaints. This quasi-experimental study was done on cleaning unit workers in one of the factories producing hygiene instruments in Shiraz in 2006. All the fifty four employees were considered in our study. First, all workers were evaluated by the physiatrist under complete musculoskeletal examination and pain intensity was assessed by VAS and BPI indices. After 3 months, to confirm the chronicity of symptoms, the second examination was done and then exercise program was recommended for 3 months. The collected results were analyzed by SPSS software and non-parametric Wilcoxon test. The primary mean of the VAS index was 5.00 +/- 2.27cm while after 3 months it was raised to 5.32 +/- 2.76 cm and reduced to 1.98 +/- 2.07 after doing exercise program, which is a significant decline [p<0.001]. Mean of different indices of BPI showed significant decrease after completing exercise program [p<0.001]. Doing an exercise program based on type of work, and availability of facilities in work environment is effective in decreasing musculoskeletal complaints as a primary cause of disability among workers

[ effects of exposure to simulation cell phone waves on gonads of male mouse]

The increasing users of microwave appliances such as cell phones caused an increasing interest on investigation of its adverse effects on human health and development of animals. This study is done to investigate the effects of simulating cell phone waves on gonads and sex cells of male Balb/C mouse. This is an experimental study in which with the use of generating apparatus of simulating cell phone waves, adult male mice were exposed to cell phone waves for 10 days [4 hours per day]. Then structure and ultrastructure of testes and number of sex cells were examined by light and transmission electron microscope. Data was analyzed using t and Mann Whitney testes. The results did not show any significant differences in the size and weight of testes in mice exposed to the simulating cell phone waves. Results also showed that the number of spermatogonia cells and primary spermatocytes and spermatids and sperms were significantly increased in exposed mice [p<0.05], but the number of sertoli cells were significantly decreased [p<0.05]. The study of micrographs showed changes in ultrastructure of sexual cells, such as cleft and hetrochromatined nucleus and decrease of cell organelles and vacuolization of cytoplasm. Results indicate the effect of simulating cell phone waves on number and ultrastructure of sex cell in male Balb/C mouse

[Effect of low frequency electromagnetic fields on gonads and fertility of female Balb/c mouse]

The increasing use of EMF [electromagnetic field] generating apparatus [refrigerators, computers, TV, etc] caused an increasing interest in investigations of its adverse effects on human health. This study is done to investigate the effects of EFM on Balb/c mice. This is an experimental study in which at first a ciruit generating low frequency electromagnetic field [50 Hz, 15G] was designed. Then adult virgin female mice were placed in coil and exposed to 15 gauss electromagnetic field for 4 day and 6 hour per day. Then their blood was examined to assay the level of hormones [FSH, LH, estradiol, progesterone]. Also ovary and uterus sections were studied with light and electronic microscope. Results showed that the weight and size of ovary was not significantly affected in females exposed to the low frequency electromagetic field and their offspring. Our results also showed that the number of ovary follicles were significantly affected in exposed females [p< 0.05]. Also the study of micrographs showed hetrochromatinated oocytes and follicular cells and increasing polysomes, accumulation of mitochondria and cleft mucleus. Decreasing amount of FSH, LH and 50% decrease in couplation rate was also seen as compared with the control group. Results of this study is indicator of EFM effects on gonads' structure and endocrine system and decreases fertility