[Fertility preservation in young women with endometrial carcinoma; report of three cases]

Although endometrial cancer is primarily a disease of the postmenopausal female, 25% of patients are premenopausal, with 3-5% in women 40 years old or younger. The younger group of women with endometrial carcinoma are frequently nulligravid with a history of infertility, and a strong desire to preserve fertility. This may pose a therapeutic dilemma for both patients and treating physician. We reported 3 young patients with atypical; complex hyperplasia or early stage endometrial cancer that treated with conservative hormonal therapy. Medical treatment of young patients with endometrial carcinoma and complex atypical hyperplasia who wish to preserve fertility is a reasonable and appealing option. A comprehensive evaluation prior to counseling the patient should include. A complete history and physical examination. A formal D and C with review of history with an experienced gyn-onc pathologist. Evaluation of the pelvic and abdomen preferably with contrast-enhanced MRI or transvaginal ultrasound. In patients found to have a clinical stage I grade I tumor and who want to preserve fertility, thorough counseling include risks and benefits, and explanation that the data is partial and incomplete due to the lack of appropriate controlled studies is mandatory. In patients considered for medical treatment, a high dose progestin regimen should be started with endometrial sampling every 3 months until complete regression of the tumor is documented. Although most responses are long standing, there is a small risk of progression during or after cessation of progestin therapy

Psychological investigation of the novel [A stone on a grave Jalal Al e Ahmad, 1980]]

Jalal Al-e-Ahmad, a hard working contemporary novelist, in one of his writings, has made an autobiography about a problem, which had preoccupied his minds and life for many years. This was his infertility. In this book, the author probes the problem from the beginning of its appearing; his trials for solving it, eventual excitedly reactions of it, and compatibility with being "childlessness". Memories have been designed as form of a novel. In research work, there is always, this possibility that, a quantitative "approach" cause to deprive us from some "qualitative". May be psychological investigation of some novels specially those, which deal with "problem" of author, could fill this emptiness. This matter is the goal of this article for psychological investigation of infertility