Penetrating cardiac injury: a review

Cardiac injury presents a great challenge to the emergency resident because these injuries require urgent intervention to prevent death. Sometimes serious cardiac injury may manifest only subtle or occult symptoms or signs. As there is an epidemic of cardiac injuries in Kashmir valley due to problems of law and order, we herein present a review on management of such injuries

Vascular injuries caused by tear gas shells: surgical challenge and outcome

Tear gas shells are used to disperse the mob during any type of street protests. Vascular injuries due to tear gas shells have not been reported. The present study was undertaken to analyse the pattern, presentation, management and outcome of vascular injury due to tear gas shells. Eighteen patients with vascular injury caused by tear gas shells from 1[st] Jan. 2008 to 31[st] Dec 2009 were studied. Patients with vascular injuries caused by causes other than tear gas shells were excluded from the study. All patients were treated with reverse saphenous vein graft as segmental loss was less than 2.5 cm. wound infection was the most common complication, followed by graft occlusion. Amputation rate was 16.66%. Associated nerve injury occurred in 44.44% of the patients. Tear gas shell injuries should not be taken lightly. They can cause injuries as serious as vascular injuries. Vascular injuries cased by tear gas shells require prompt revascularization to improve limb salvage. Despite proper revascularization, patients have significant morbidity and need proper rehabilitation in the follow ups