Mental Health Disorders in Circumcised Reproductive-age Women, Legal Dimensions and Prevention Strategies: A Narrative Review / Distúrbios de saúde mental em mulheres circuncidadas em idade reprodutiva, dimensões legais e estratégias de prevenção: uma revisão narrativa

Abstract Objective: Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) can affect women's lives through various physical, psychological, social and even sexual mechanisms. According to the World Health Organization guidelines for managing the health effects of FGM/C, further research into its psychological effects and preventative measures is required. In this study, a comprehensive review of the mental health consequences of circumcised women of reproductive age has been conducted with a special focus on providing preventive solutions. Methods: A comprehensive search of the Web of Science, PubMed(MEDLINE), Proquest ,Scopus and Google scholar was carried outfrom 2000 to 2022. The second stage of search was conducted in grey literature. To facilitate a systematic approach to search the literature, the PECO framework, was adopted. Results: The result of this narrative review study showed that, the most common mental health disorder in reproductive age circumcised women were depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. Some studies found a significant relationship between parents' education level and circumcised girls, so that parents of the circumcised women had a low level of education. Two studies considered religious beliefs, tradition, cleanness, sexual desire control and virginity as the reasons for FGM/C. Conclusion: All forms of FGM/C may be harmful to one's health. Women, who have undergone widespread forms of circumcision, are more likely to develop mental disorders. As the psychosocial effects of circumcision can affect the sexual experience of circumcised women, addressing this issue, emphasizing its legal aspects, and providing preventative solutions can improve physical, mental, social, and even sexual health in circumcised women.

[Legal requirements of international documents in public health and the challenges facing it]

Introduction: Public health is the Science and art of preventing disease And providing, maintaining and promoting health and human capabilities . This concept is expanded in human life area. Therefore, from the international point of view, prophetic missions, policies, duties and public health activities are globalized and expanded from nation to the worldwide society

Method: This article tries to carry out a study to review the documents and resources and find the legal obligations of the international documents in the field of public health policy as well as the challenges facing it .in fact respecting international obligations in hygiene and health by governments can guarantee the health of humans in international society. Access to health services with the purpose of promoting, protecting and providing every single person in society is a basic necessaries in development of any society and it is the right of all human beings to have it. States obligation is seen in the UN constitution, the world health organization constitution, the universal declaration of human rights and other international and regional documents in order to respond to this public health needs . Therefore, paying attention to the importance of international documents and treaties that Encourage governments to put policies in order to maintaining and providing public health seems necessary