survey of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in Al-Sulimania clinic Riyadh

Prophylactic usage of antimicrobials in Al-Sulimania Surgical Clinic in Riyadh was surveyed over 6-month period. The main objectives were to determine the prescribing patterns, disclose the most used antibiotics and assess the need for antibiotic control program in surgery. A special form was designed and collected upon completion. The results showed that cephalexin [33.97%] and clindamycin [21.35%] were the most common antibiotics prescribed in all surgical procedure followed by metronidazole [18.19%] and aminoglycosides [14.24%]. Appendectomy [55.6%] and laparotomy [22.83%] were the major surgical operations sighted in the survey. The survey. The survey disclosed that surgeons prescribed different antibiotics for the same purpose. No microbial culture or sensitivity tests were done. It was concluded that there is an urgent need for appropriate program or policy to control the prescribing antibiotics for surgical prophylaxis

Lack of effect of cimetidine and ranitidine on pyrazinamide kinetics in rats

Pyrazinamide [25 mgkg-1] kinetics was determined in cimetidine [40 mgkg-1] or ranitidine [50 mgkg-1] pretreated rats for seven days. animals received either 0.9% NaCl solution [control] or cimetidine or raintidine orally [5 mlkg-1]. Disposition of pyrazinamide was studied 24 h after the last does of pretreatment by injecting pyrazinamide [1 mlkg-1] into the tail vein. Blood samples [0.25ml] were drawn at 15.35.45 min. and 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8h respectively after iv administration. Pyrazinamide plasma concentrations were analyzed using HPLC method. Cimetidine and ranitidine had no significant effect on volume of distribution [Vd], half life [t0.5], clearance [CL], mean residence times [MRT] and area under the curves [AUC] of pyrazinamide. These results suggest that cimetidine and ranitidine pretreatment does not affect significantly pyrazinamide kinetics in rats