Causes and management of asthma

Asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways which manifests itself as recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and cough. It is characterized by bronchial hyper-responsiveness and variable airflow obstruction, that is often reversible either spontaneously or with treatment. Other nonspecific symptoms in infants or young children may be a history of recurrent bronchitis, bronchiolitis, or pneumonia; a persistent cough with colds; and/or recurrent croup or chest rattling. For all but the most severely affected patients, the ultimate goal is to prevent symptoms, minimize morbidity from acute episodes, and prevent functional and psychological morbidity to provide a healthy [or near healthy] lifestyle appropriate to the age of child. We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from January 1st , 1994, through November 30th , 2017

correlation between vitamin D and cognition: a review

Background: During the last 25 years, vitamin D -being a member of the superfamily of nuclear steroid transcription regulators - has emerged as a serious candidate in nervous system development and function and a therapeutic tool in a number of neurological pathologies. More recently, experimental and pre-clinical data suggest a link between vitamin D status and cognitive function. Human studies strongly support a correlation between low levels of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25[OH]D] and cognitive impairment or dementia in aging populations. In parallel, animal studies show that supplementation with vitamin D is protective against biological processes associated with Alzheimer's disease [AD] and enhances learning and memory performance in various animal models of aging and AD. More recently epidemiological associations have been made between low vitamin D and psychiatric disorders not typically associated with abnormalities in brain development such as depression and Alzheimer's disease

Aim of the Study: was to review the recent literature to investigate the correlation between vitamin D status and neurocognitive function

Methods: We searched the medical literature to retrieve studies for the review to 30 November 2017. electronic search in the scientific database from 1965 to 2017- [Medline, Embase, AMED, Psych INFO, the Cochrane Library websites were searched for English Publications were obtained from both reprint requests and by searching the database. Data extracted included authors, country, year of publication, characteristics of patients, pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, different diagnostic approaches and treatment modalities

Conclusion: Accumulating evidence in the current literature indicate that vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among patients with cognitive impairment, and that low vitamin D status may negatively impact cognition and that hypovitaminosis D is usually associated with increased risk of developing AD and dementia. Nevertheless, while vitamin D supplementation is safe for those with cognitive impairment, there is no solid proof that they will see significant improvement in their symptoms