Résumé
Introduction: Thyroid eye disease (TED), Graves’ ophthalmopathy, or Thyroid associated orbithopathy (TAO) are an immunemediated inflammatory disorder that produces expansion of the extraocular muscles and fat in the orbit. TED is most commonlyassociated with Graves’ hyperthyroidism but can also be noted in hypothyroid and euthyroid states.Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the ocular manifestation of thyroid dysfunction (TD).Materials and Methods: A prospective non-randomized observational study was carried out on 106 patients of TD. They wereexamined in detail for demography, systemic, and ocular examination and laboratory investigation. Period of study was 1 year.Results: In this study, average age of presentation of TD was 42.54 years. Female-to-male ratio was 3.1:1. Lid retractionwas the most common (82.4%) lid sign in patients of hyperthyroidism while in patients of hypothyroidism, it was lid edema(28.9%). The second most common lid sign was lid lag which was present 70.6% cases. Proptosis was present in 52.9%hyperthyroid patients. Three patients had unilateral proptosis. Corneal ulcer (due to exposure keratopathy) was present in17.6% of hyperthyroid patients.Conclusion: Females were more commonly affected. However, ocular manifestations were more severe in male. Hence, it isimportant to rule out TD in patient with other ocular symptom.
Résumé
The present study was designed to screen phytochemical constituents with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of 50% EtOH extract of Leucas urticaefolia. Antimicrobial activity was tested against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium, Candida krusei and Aspergillus fumigatus by disc diffusion method. DPPH free radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing assay were used for the determination of antioxidant activity. Qualitative and quantitave analysis of polyphenoles was performed by HPLC-UV. Remarkable antimicrobial potential was exhibited in concentration dependent mode against S. epidermidis, S. typhi and C. krusei. However, S. typhimurium and A. fumigatus showed resistance at lowest concentrations but higher concentrations were effective in inhibiting both microorganisms. Total phelnolic and flavonoid content were found to be 0.71335±0.025% and 0.2594±0.028% respectively. Different concentrations of extract showed dose dependent reducing power and scavenging of DPPH radicals with IC50 149.59±0.24 μg/mL. A marked correlation was observed between antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of 50% EtOH extract of L. urticaefolia. HPLC analysis showed the presence of important polyphenoles and may be attributed to antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the extract. The observations provided sufficient evidences that L. urticaefolia might indeed be potential sources of natural bioactive agent, if further investigated.