Evaluation of Surface Characteristic Changes of Reciproc, waveOne and WaveOne Gold Single Reciprocating Files Using Scanning Electron Microscopy before and after use: An in-vitro Study

The purpose of this study was to evaluate surface characteristics of Reciproc (R25) WaveOne (WO) &WaveOne Gold (WOG) files using SEM before and after use. Methods: fifteen primary files from each system were scanned for surface defects before instrumentation at 10x-1000x. Each file was planned to be used to instrument six root canals and then examined under SEM after preparing three and six canals at same magnifications. Data were scored and statistically analysed using CHI –SQ and Anova tests (p≤ 0.05). Results: Surface defects were detected in all study groups with higher values in WO & WOG group before use. Surface defects significantly increased in both WO and WOG groups after use as compared to R25. WO & WOG group showed significantly greater defects including metal strips, pitting, craters, micro-cracks and blunt edges (p≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Wave One Gold file has a different metallurgy due to its gold finish that does not enhance its resistance to surface defects during clinical use. Wave One and Wave One Gold showed significant increase in surface defects after six canal use which limits their usage in more than one teeth in single patient.

Gentamicin Loaded Bone Cement as Root End & Bone Defect Filling Material In Apical Resurgery Cases; A Clinical Study

Aim: Antibiotic loaded bone cement has been used extensively in orthopaedic surgery and in the treatment of osseous defects resulting from joint infection, osteomyelitis, osteitis. No endodontic investigation has used this type of material in the treatment of bony resorptive defects of the periapical lesions associated with failed endodontic therapy or periapical surgery. Therefore, this study was conducted with the use of gentamycin loaded bone cement, to assess healing ability of osseous defects in apical re-surgery cases after failed apical surgery. Methods: In all patients periapical lesions were surgically removed and gentamicin loaded bone cement was used as root end filling material and then carefully packed without pressure into the bony defect. Results: Long-term recall demonstrated clinical and radiographic healing and good tolerance of bone fill material by the periapical tissues. Conclusion: results from this study shows that gentamicin loaded bone cement is a biocompatible material and can be used effectively in apical resurgery cases for treating recalcitrant infectious osseous defects of periapical lesions associated with failed periapical surgery.

Evaluation of Mineral Loss from Enamel by 375% Hydrogen Peroxide in-office Bleaching Agent, with and without Additional Activation by Light Emitting Diode and Diode Laser – An Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Study

Bleaching of vital teeth is a very common practice nowadays prompted by high esthetic demands of patients. But bleaching agents are known to cause some transient damage to enamel microstructure, so the need arises to determine the effect of bleaching agents on the mineral content of enamel. Aim: To evaluate mineral loss from enamel using in-office bleaching agent Hydrogen Peroxide and the effect of LED and Laser activated bleaching agent on mineral loss from enamel. Methods: Forty human premolar crowns were divided into buccal and lingual specimens and 80 blocks of 4x4x3mm each were obtained. Samples were randomly divided into four groups of twenty each depending upon the beaching treatment and activation method. Group I – Hydrogen Peroxide without additional activation, Group II – Hydrogen Peroxide with additional activation by Diode Laser, Group III – Hydrogen Peroxide with additional activation by LED Light and Group IV – Control group. Amount of calcium and Phosphate loss was calculated using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results: Results showed that bleaching with hydrogen peroxide leads to calcium and phosphate loss from enamel with additional activation resulting in higher amounts of mineral loss especially with Laser activation. Conclusion: Bleaching agents result in calcium and phosphate loss from enamel with significantly high loss of minerals due to additional activation by Laser and LED Light. Therefore bleaching procedures must be followed by remineralization treatments to prevent damage to enamel.

Surgical Extrusion With Immediate Aesthetics Of Crown - Root Fractured Anterior Teeth

Background: Aim: To study the outcome of single visit surgical extrusion and immediate aesthetic restoration of 15 cases of crown root fracture. Methods: Involved a conventional surgical extrusion method with elevators and stabilization with semi rigid fiber splint followed by immediate aesthetic composite buildup for restoration of aesthetics. Root canal treatment was completed after 3 weeks of Calcium hydroxide intracanal medicament. Results: Follow up examinations varying between 6 and 18 months, revealed no evident radiographic and clinical signs of root resorption, periapical disease and more important, marginal bone loss/gingival recession in any case. Conclusion: Highly favorable results of this clinical study reveal that single visit surgical extrusion with immediate aesthetics of crown root fractures may be an alternative to time consuming orthodontic extrusion which may create severe esthetic and emotional problems to patient.