Empowering education: a new model for in-service training of nursing staff

Introduction: In-service training of nurses plays an indispensable role in improving the quality of inpatient care. Need to enhance the effectiveness of in-service training of nurses is an inevitable requirement. This study attempted to design a new optimal model for in-service training of nurses

Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in two stages during 2015-2016. In the first stage, the Grounded Theory was adopted to explore the process of training 35 participating nurses. The sampling was initially purposeful and then theoretically based on emerging concept. Data were collected through interview, observation and field notes. Moreover, the data were analyzed through Corbin-Strauss method and the data were coded through MAXQDA-10. In the second stage, the findings were employed through Walker and Avant's strategy for theory construction so as to design an optimal model for in-service training of nursing staff

Results: In the first stage, there were five major themes including unsuccessful mandatory education, empowering education, organizational challenges of education, poor educational management, and educational-occupational resiliency. Empowering education was the core variable derived from the research, based on which a grounded theory was proposed. The new empowering education model was composed of self-directed learning and practical learning. There are several strategies to achieve empowering education, including the fostering of searching skills, clinical performance monitoring, motivational factors, participation in the design and implementation, and problem-solving approach

Conclusion: Empowering education is a new model for in-service training of nurses, which matches the training programs with andragogical needs and desirability of learning among the staff. Owing to its practical nature, the empowering education can facilitate occupational tasks and achieving greater mastery of professional skills among the nurses

Kurt loin field force analysis effective on current service level of selected military health and clinical centers staffs in Mazandaran province

Development and revolution of productivity are among most important objects of society. For the first time Kurt Loin in January 1947, surveyed effective factors on productivity based on force field analysis. This research is also about effective factors on current service level of health and clinical center staff selected from dispensary of military, Mazandaran province based on force field analysis [Kurt Loin], sent 2008. This research is a descriptive cross-sectional study and the population under study consisted of 5 clinical health centers in Mazandaran province. 320 working personnel of clinical health centers in medical, paramedical and administrative supportive sections were selected for this study. The tool for data collection was questionnaire including two parts and 32 questions with 10 pages annex that were employed after requisite changes and appearing validity with integration coefficient 0.895 and Reliability. Collected data was recorded in SPSS software and analyzed through SPSS, EXCELLand tests of descriptive statistics [means, deviation and Kurt Loin collection]. According to the survey, factors like interaction with coworkers, inferiors and supervisors were among the most important contributing factors with the highest mean score of 5.76, 5.61, 5.6 respectively. On the other hand, factors like wages, job safety and work characterization were among the most important inhibiting factors with lowest mean score of 2.92, 3.44, 3.73 respectively, in three occupational levels: medical, paramedical and administrative supportive. The power of contributing factors in each 5 centers studied was more than the power of inhibiting factors. According to the importance of assigning goals as one of the basic factors in development and growth, it is necessary that authorities pay due attention in supporting the contributing factors and reducing inhibiting factors to reach the optimum productivity