Résumé
Background: Nasolacrimal duct obstruction is listed under the heading of congenital diseases; on other hand it is also commonly present in adult age group. In population of Sindh we found these patients frequently. Through this study we revealed the surgical options for the treatment of Nasolacrimal duct obstruction in population of Sindh provenience of Pakistan. The objective of the study was to compare the outcomes of two different intubation techniques in treatment of Nasolacrimal duct obstruction between two age groups. Comparative study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital Karachi from May 2018 to June 2019.Methods: Total 136 numbers of patients were included on the bases of history, clinical examination and pre-operative syringing test. Non- probability convenient sampling was applied for data collection. Total 136 numbers of patients were divided into two groups on the bases of treatment and further subgroup on the bases of age ranges. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20.0.Results: Frequency and percentage of recovery in six months in each subgroup with application of chi-square test. Frequency and percentage of post-operative complications prolong treatment and regurgitation and patency of tube in each group and subgroups.Conclusions: The results showed significant difference between the groups. Group A showed higher success rate with minimal percentage of complications and post-operative measurements in both age ranges as compare to Group B.
Résumé
Introduction: Self-medication is a part of self-care and is a primary source of public health in a health care system. In Pakistan it is a common practice as a majority of population is underprivileged, economically unstable and medicines are freely available as and when desired. Self-medication is intended for quick relief in common illnesses with a resultant benefit of economy, convenience and saving on time. However, self-medication should not be taken lightly as it involves serious health risks
Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from June-August 2014 based on convenience sampling of 200 undergraduate medical and non-medical students from Rehman Medical College and University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, respectively. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data which were analyzed using SPSS v. 22. Comparisons were done using Chi Square test, keeping p= 0.05
Results: 185 students participated [age 22.5 +/- 2.6 years; Male: Female ratio 2.36:1] in the study. The practice of self-medication among students was 93% [n=172] of which 92 were medical students and 80 were non-medical students. "Previous experience with similar symptoms" [50.8%] and "convenience" [27.6%] were common factors for self-medication. The commonest indications for self-medication were "cough/sore throat" [61.1%], "runny nose/nasal congestion" [56.8%] and "fever" [56.29%]. Analgesics [71.4%], antibiotics [62.2%] and anti-allergic [48.1%] drugs were the most common types of self-medication used. Selection of medicine was based on "friends and family's opinion" [40%] and "previous experience" [34.1%]. Participants showed positive attitude towards self-medication; however 32.4% considered it as not an acceptable practice. There was no significant difference between self-medication practice between medical and non-medical students [p=0.34]
Conclusion: Only justifiable rationale for self-medication would be 'urgency of the problem' but amongst our participants this was not the most popular reason. Students of health profession are under the influence of self-medication at the same rate as that of non-health profession. To prevent the growing trend of self-medication, strong policies should be applied prohibiting the supply of medicines and promoting education regarding the implications of self-medication