Síndrome premenstrual y trastorno disfórico premenstrual / [Premenstrual syndrome and dysphoric premenstrual syndrome].

Premenstrual syndrome is characterized by physical, cognitive, affective and behavioral symptoms that occur cyclically during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and resolved quickly at the beginning or within few days after menstruation started. The most severe form is represented by premenstrual dysphoric disorder included in the DSM 5. Over 40

of women experience emotional symptoms such as irritability, tension, emotional lability; and physical symptoms such as breast tenderness, fatigue, and abdominal distension. It has not yet been established the underlying pathophysiological mechanism, although hypotheses related to sex hormones and the GABAergic and serotonergic regulation have been postulated. Treatment includes nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions, being serotonin reuptake inhibitors the first-line treatment.

Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria: imagen corporal y sexualidad / [Eating disorders, body image and sexuality].

Eating disorders are a growing problem in healthcare. Altered eating behaviors are a consequence of cognitions and emotions generated by low self-esteem and dissatisfaction with body image and schema. It is possible, that a negative body image, and in many cases, distorted, may be the most difficult feature to approach and improve in this disorders. But the dissatisfaction to one’s own body would not be related only to altered eating behaviors. Several studies show that body image and one’s own body perception are an essential feature in sexual experiences, especially in women’s sexuality. This article describes the relation and influences between body image and women’s sexuality, and the sexuality in women with eating disorders.