Cerebrovascular risk factors and their time-dependent effects on stroke survival in the EMMA cohort study

To investigate the time-dependent effects of traditional risk factors on functional disability in all-cause mortality post-stroke, we evaluated data from a long-term stroke cohort. Baseline cerebrovascular risk factors (CVRF) and functionality at 1 and 6 months were evaluated in survivors from a prospective stroke cohort using the modified Rankin scale (m-RS), which classifies participants as improvement of disability, unchanged disability (at least moderate), and worsening disability. Cox regression models considering baseline risk factors, medication use, and functionality 6 months after stroke were fitted to identify their time-dependent effects up to 12 years of follow-up. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) are presented. Among 632 survivors (median age 68, 54% male, 71% first-ever episode), age and functional disability (unchanged and worsening) 6 months after ischemic stroke had time-dependent effects on all-cause mortality risk up to 12 years of follow-up. The most impacting risk factors were unchanged (at least moderate) (HR, 2.99; 95%CI: 1.98-4.52) and worsening disability (HR, 2.85; 95%CI: 1.26-6.44), particularly in the first two years after a stroke event (Time 1: ≥6 mo to <2.5 y). Worsening disability also impacted mortality in the period from ≥2.5 to <7.5 years (Time 2) of follow-up (HR, 2.43 (95%CI: 1.03-5.73). Other baseline factors had a fixed high-risk effect on mortality during follow-up. Post-stroke and continuous medication use had a fixed protective effect on mortality. Functional disability was the main contributor with differential risks of mortality up to 12 years of follow-up.

Effect of protein supplementation on yield and milk composition of F1 Holstein x Zebu cows kept in deferred pasture of brachiaria grass / [Efeito da suplementação de proteína na produção e na composição do leite de F1 vacas Holandês x Zebu mantidas em pasto diferido de capim-braquiária]

The objective of this study was to evaluate different supplementation strategies concentrated to F1 Holstein x Zebu lactating cows managed in deferred signal grass pasture on the yield and composition of milk and body weight gain. Thirty six F1 Holstein x Zebu cows with an average lactation period of 267 ± 10 days, mean body weight of 548 ± 19kg were used following a completely randomized design in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, being four feeding strategies and five days under evaluation. The treatments consisted of four nutritional strategies: deferred pasture as a source of roughage without supplementation (PDSS); deferred pasture as a source of roughage with protein supplement offer (PDCS); deferred pasture supplemented with 15 kilos of corn silage (natural base) + 1,200 grams of protein supplement (PDSP) and corn silage (ad libitum) + 700 grams of protein supplement (SMP). There was no interaction (P> 0.05) between the nutritional plans and days under evaluation for any of the variables. It was found that cows fed SMP showed milk production 26.06% higher than the other nutritional plans (mean of 11.46kg/day). F1 Holstein/Zebu cows handled in deferred pasture in a traditional way supplemented with protein maintains milk yield.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar diferentes planos nutricionais para vacas F1 Holandês/Zebu mantidas em pasto diferido de capim-braquiária sobre a produção e a composição do leite e no ganho em peso corporal. Foram utilizadas 36 vacas F1 Holandês/Zebu com período médio de lactação de 267 ± 10 dias, peso corporal médio de 548 ± 19kg, seguindo o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 x 5, sendo quatro estratégias de alimentação e cinco dias em avaliação. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro planos nutricionais: pasto diferida como fonte de forragem sem suplementação (PDSS); pastagem diferida como fonte de forragem com oferta de suplemento de proteico (PDCS); pasto diferido suplementado com 15 quilos de silagem de milho (base natural) + 1.200 gramas de suplemento proteico (PDSP) e silagem de milho (ad libitum) + 700 gramas de suplemento de proteína (SMP). Verificou-se que as vacas alimentadas com SMP apresentaram produção de leite 26,06% superior aos demais planos nutricionais (média de 11,46kg/dia). Vacas F1 Holandês/Zebu tratadas em pastagem diferida de maneira tradicional, suplementada com proteína, mantêm o rendimento de leite.(AU)

Contested dominance modifies the anovulatory consequences of social subordination in female marmosets

Dominance status among female marmosets is reflected in agonistic behavior and ovarian function. Socially dominant females receive submissive behavior from subordinates, while exhibiting normal ovulatory function. Subordinate females, however, receive agonistic behavior from dominants, while exhibiting reduced or absent ovulatory function. Such disparity in female fertility is not absolute, and groups with two breeding females have been described. The data reported here were obtained from 8 female-female pairs of captive female marmosets, each housed with a single unrelated male. Pairs were classified into two groups: "uncontested" dominance (UD) and "contested" dominance (CD), with 4 pairs each. Dominant females in UD pairs showed significantly higher frequencies (4.1) of agonism (piloerection, attack and chasing) than their subordinates (0.36), and agonistic behaviors were overall more frequently displayed by CD than by UD pairs. Subordinates in CD pairs exhibited more agonistic behavior (2.9) than subordinates in UD pairs (0.36), which displayed significantly more submissive (6.97) behaviors than their dominants (0.35). The data suggest that there is more than one kind of dominance relationship between female common marmosets. Assessment of progesterone levels showed that while subordinates in UD pairs appeared to be anovulatory, the degree of ovulatory disruption in subordinates of CD pairs was more varied and less complete. We suggest that such variation in female-female social dominance relationships and the associated variation in the degree and reliability of fertility suppression may explain variations of the reproductive condition of free-living groups of common marmosets.

Prevalência de teníase no município de Pedra Branca Estado do Ceará, Brasil / Prevalence of taeniasis in municipal district Pedra Branca of Ceará State, Brazil

A teníase é reconhecida como importante problema de saúde pública em regiões onde as condições sanitárias são precárias e em países industrializados que recebem imigrantes de regiões onde a infecção é endêmica. O homem, responsável pela manutenção do ciclo parasitário, é o único hospedeiro da forma adulta dos parasitos Taenia solium e Taenia saginata. Apesar da importância do porco no ciclo de vida da Taenia solium, pouca atenção é dada em relação à infecção suína e humana. Estudo epidemiológico realizado no município de Pedra Branca no período de 1997 a 1998 demonstrou alto índice de carne de porco com cisticercose. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a prevalência de teníase na população de Pedra Branca a fim de identificar os casos de teníase. Para isso empregou-se o método de Kato modificado por Katz por ser de fácil execução e de nos fornecer preparações quase permanentes. Nesse estudo, foram analisadas 831 amostras, de indivíduos de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária de 02 a 70 anos, com 54 (6,5%) de positivas. Os resultados mostraram a prevalência de diferentes espécies de helmintos, onde a maior freqüência foi de Ascaris lumbricoides 19 (2,30%), seguido de ancilostomideos 12 (1,44%) e em terceiro de Taenia sp 10 (1,20%). A prevalência de teníase foi bastante significativa levando-se em consideração que o método utilizado não é específico para o diagnóstico de teníase.

Taeniasis are recognized as important public health problem in many developed countries for regions with bad sanitary conditions as well as for industrial countries in the cases of emigration from the regions with endemic infection. Human intestin is responsible for realization of the parasite cycle and is unique accommodation for adult parasite form: Taenia solium and Taenia saginata In spite of importance of pigs in the life cycle of Taenia solium, it was small attention to relation between human and pig infection. Epidemiological study accomplished in Pedra Branca in the period 1997–1998 demonstrated the high index of cysticercosis contamination of pork. The purpose of the present study was for measuring the prevalence of human taeniasis on the Pedra Branca population. For this it was used the Kato method, modificated by Katz in order to be easy in use and to supply the preparations quasi permanent. In this study were analyzed 831 samples of stool of persons of both sexes between 2 and 70 year, with 54 (6.5%) of positives. The results show prevalent of different types of helminths, where Ascaris lumbricoides 19 (2.30%) has the biggest index, second was ancilostomideos 12 (1.44%) and third Taenia sp 10 (1.20%). The prevalence of taeniasis was significant considering that the used method was not specific for it diagnostic.

Reformulaçöes no ensino da enfermagem: análise e reflexöes de uma experiência em construçäo / Reforms in nursery teaching: analysis and reflections of an experience under construction

Faz uma analise sobre a reformulaçäo curricular do curso de enfermagem da Universidade Estadual de Londrina. A mudança teve por objetivo permitir uma articulaçäo entre ensino-serviço, contribuindo para a melhoria da qualidade de vida e saúde da populaçäo

Behavior and progesterone levels in Callithrix jacchus females

In callitrichids, and especially in the Callithrix and Saguinus genera, reproductive suppression maintains the breeding exclusivity of dominant females. It has been suggested that dominance may be inferred from agonistic behavior of females. The purpose of this study was to assess the adequacy of behaviors as indicators of hormonal status in Callithrix jacchus females. Two paires of twin females were observed for affiliative, agonistic and sexual behaviors for 20 weeks, in four stages of increasingly potential competition for one male. During the same period, blood samples were taken regularly for progesterone determination by ELISA. The two pairs differed markedly as to behaviors and hormonal status: pair 1 showed a well established behavioral dominance and only one ovulating female from the beginning of the observation period; pair 2 showed competition for dominance until the last stage of observation, when one of the females started ovulating. Correlations between behaviors and progesterone levels showed differences between subordinate and dominant females mostly in pair 2. Although limited in number of animals studied, these results suggest that there is a relationship between behavior and hormones in female marmosets, but this relationship may be useful in the identification of the physiological status of females only in groups where the dominance is not well estblished

Pediculose em excepcionais: tratamento näo iatrogênico / Pediculosis capitis in mentally deficient non-iatrogenical treatment

Os autores apresentam um trabalho multidisciplinar realizado por docentes e discentes de Medicina e Enfermagem da Universidade Estadual de Londrina, na Escola Especial Santa Rita da Associaçäo de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais de Londrina, em 1990. Foram atendidos no ambulatório do hospital Universitário Regional do Norte do Paraná 141 excepcionais e detectados 35 casos (24,83 por cento) de Pediculose. Optou-se por um esquema terapêutico fácil, viável, barato e o menos iatrogênico possível. Os resultados observados nas visitas domiciliares mostraram efecácia do tratamento em todos os casos sem efeitos colaterais

Calcified and ossified meningiomas

Seven cases of mengiomas with areas of calcification and ossification are reported, comprising 2.5 per cent of our 274 cases meningiomas. Six of these tumors occured in womwn (85,7 per cent). Six were located intracranially, and one within the spinal canal. The osteogenic meningioma in case 1 was situated within Meckel's cave, rare location of ossified meningioma that we have no found in the literature. In case 2, there was late recurrence of a tumor of entirely different histopathological features. Multiple, small osteogenic meningiomas, possibily associated with Von Recklingghausen's disease, were found in the right temporal lobe in case 5

A proposito de dois casos de polineuropatia amiloidotica familiar (doenca de Corino Andrade). / Apropos of 2 cases of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (Corino Andrade disease)

Sao estudados dois casos de polineuropatia amiloidotica familiar confirmados por biopsia, e apesar de nao haver duvidas quanto ao diagnostico, foi ressaltado o comportamento diferente de uma mesma doencao. Destacam-se as investigacoes realizadas por Corino Andrade, que relatou o primeiro caso portugues da doenca, chamando atencao para a incidencia familiar. Procurou-se, tambem, definir polineuropatia amiloidotica familiar, baseando-se em relatos publicados por varios autores

Associacao de epitelioma de Malherbe com distrofia miotonica - nota previa / Association of Malherbe's epithelioma and myotonic dystrophy - preliminary report

Os autores demonstraron a presenca de tumores (epitelioma de Malherbe) associados a doenca de Steinert, em uma mulher branca de 34 anos de idade. Estudaram o caso de ponto de vista histopatologico, constatando a semelhanca com as descricoes de outros autores

Comprometimento neurologico na esquistossomose mansonica. / Neurological involvement in schistosomiasis mansoni

Os autores chamam atencao para o problema do comprometimento neurologico da esquistossomose mansonica em nosso meio, com areas endemicas, onde milhoes de individuos sao acometidos por esta parasitose. Assinalam a subestimacao destas complicacoes que sao pouco diagnosticadas, apesar das multiplas manifestacoes medulares e encefalicas que surgem nestes casos, embora as lesoes medulares sejam bem mais frequentes e mais sugestivas. Ressaltam a importancia do diagnostico etiologico diante da existencia de possibilidades terapeuticas satisfatorias

Epilepsia relacionada a alimentacao e associada a astrocitoma cerebral. / Epilepsy related to eating and associated with cerebral astrocytoma

Estudou-se o caso de um paciente com crises epilepticas relacionadas a ingestao de alimentos, cujos exames complementares mostraram a presenca de massa tumoral frontoparietal direita, identificada histologicamente como astrocitoma protoplasmatico microcistico, que se infiltrava ate a cissura silviana

Estudo da patogenicidade para camundongos recem-nascidos de amostras de echovirus tipo 9 isoladas de casos de meningite durante um surto epidemico no Rio de Janeiro. / Pathogenicity for newborn mice of echovirus type 9 samples isolated from cases of meningitis during an outbreak in Rio de Janeiro

A patogenicidade do echovirus tipo 9 para camundongos recem-nascidos foi estudada, utilizando-se 12 amostras isoladas em cultura de celulas primarias de rim de macaco, a partir do liquor de criancas com meningite. Os animais inoculados com o fluido da primeira passagem em celulas desenvolveram paralisia flacida, apos um periodo de 5 dias, com a morte ate o 8o. dia.Os especimens originais de liquor nao continham suficiente virus para provocar sinais clinicos nos animais inoculados no periodo de 21 dias de observacao. Ao exame histopatologico os animais doentes apresentaram miopatia necrotizante da musculatura paravertebral, lingua e diafragma. Animais inoculados que nao desenvolveram paralisia durante o periodo de observacao apresentaram miosite discreta, sem que tenha sido encontrada necrose das fibras musculares