Prevalence of diabetes among patients with chronic kidney disease in hail region

Background: Diabetes is associated with increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease [CKD] and progression of the disease. Therefore, objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of diabetes among patients with CKD in Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia [KSA]

Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study carried in the nephrology outpatient's clinic in King Khalid Hospital. A total of 200 patients known to have CKD were included in the study

Results: The study included 200 patients, of whom 98 [49%] were females and 102 [51%] were males, the mean age of the population study is 55.6 years. The females were significantly lower age than the males. The overall prevalence of diabetes in patients with CKD was 69% among them 73.9% with retinopathy. Diabetes and female gender are associated with more advanced stage of CKD. The mean average of eGFR was significantly lower in patients with diabetes and it inversely correlates with HbA1c. The mean time of onset of CKD in diabetic patients after the diagnosis of diabetes is 11.7 +/- 0.67 years, females are significantly lower than males in the meantime of onset of CKD after the diagnosis of diabetes. Association of diabetes and hypertension in patients with CKD 87.7% were hypertensive among them 72.6% were diabetics

Conclusion: The role of diabetes as a risk factor for CKD and ESRD is higher than it has been estimated in previous studies in other regions in Saudi Arabia. Females are at higher risk of CKD and eventually ESRD than males

Knowledge, attitude and practice about allergic rhinitis in Saudi Arabia, 2017

Background: allergic rhinitis [AR] is considered a worldwide health disease therefore the lack of knowledge would result in poor adherence to management and preventive protocols and increasing the prevalence of AR

Objectives: evaluating the knowledge, attitude and practice[KAP] of Saudi adult subjects toward AR in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia [KSA]

Methods: a cross sectional study conducted on 900 Saudi adult subjects admitted to primary health care centers. The subjects were interviewed and filled up a questionnaire including the respondent's demographics, questions related to knowledge, attitude and practice

Results: most of the respondents aged from31-45 years old, 59.7% were females and 49% were graduated from college.30% of participants had a family history of allergic rhinitis and 34% suffered from allergic rhinitis. Inadequate KAP was found among the participants with higher KAP scores related with higher educational degree. But there were no association between KAP level and gender or age

Conclusion: an inadequate knowledge was found among most of respondents thus resulting in poor attitude and practice pattern. Also, higher educational levels were associated with higher KAP scores