[Quality of satisfaction of health personnel about web-based education in order to preventive intervention for hepatitis B: USP educational intervention]

Background: Acceptance, learning and use of preventive health behaviors by teams of health workers, using new techniques, is a necessity and powerful need to improve the quality and efficiency of education. This study aimed to measure the satisfaction of employees from a variety of web-based instruction in preventive intervention for hepatitis B grew

Materials and methods: This study was done in 2013 on the staff of the health care center of East Tehran. The web-based training were studied after the first test [for 5 sessions in 4 groups of 30], and six months after physical education [7 times in 6 groups of 20 training] by 2 teachers .At the end, questionnaire was completed to assess their satisfaction with the quality, content, presentation, and collaboration on the line. Data were analyzed using software SPSS19 by X[2], Pearson's correlation, Fridman and Mann-Whitney U tests

Results: WBL study showed the highest satisfaction. Frequency of satisfaction were 48.33% for presentation material, 42.5% for group participation, 41.66% for getting personal information bank approval, 39.17% for the finished questionnaire under web page, 48.33% for the working group of instructor and 35% for the meetings of the LMS fit the needs of employees. Demographic variables, except gender of staff members, had effect on satisfaction in the E-learning courses. Overall, the mean knowledge, attitude and behavior before and after WBL training were significantly different [P <0.05]

Conclusion: The results showed that acceptance, learning and teaching practices via WBL is in advance, because staff training programs doesn't need to leave the service, waste of time, and stress from traffic, and get other sources and content in right time. So it is required to set some measures, such as forming committees, to set priorities by providing a summary web-based learning environment in topics courses

[Effect of educational program on osteoporosis preventive behaviors in women over 40 years old referring to Iran rheumatism center in Tehran]

Background and Aim: Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease which has been recognized as a public health problem. One out of two women and one out of five men are affected by this disease. Lifestyle and living conditions play a great role in the prevalence of osteoporosis. Nowadays, it is believed that focus on training is more important for women than men, because women not only care about their health but also have a permanent influence on their family health. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of educational program on osteoporosis preventive behaviors in women over 40 years of age

Material and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 67 women who met our inclusion criteria were selected by convenience sampling method and non-random assignment. The training program was carried out by using pamphlets and posters, and also via answering to the questions of the participants. Data were collected and recorded in our questionnaires one month before and one month after the intervention

Results: Data analysis by using paired t-test showed significant differences in osteoporosis preventive behaviors in women in regard to knowledge [P=0.00], Physical activity [P=0.022] and calcium consumption [P=0.000] after the educational program. The results showed that the training intervention led to a significant increase in participants' knowledge, physical activity and calcium consumption [P<0.05]. The calcium intake increased from 670.5+259.3 mg before the intervention to 1103.4+390.2 mg after the intervention. There was also a significant difference between the mean daily calcium intake before and after intervention [P<0.05]

Conclusion: Training program by use of posters and pamphlets had a positive effect on improving the knowledge of women and resulted in improved osteoporosis preventive behaviors

Predictors of physical activity among adolescent girl students based on the social cognitive theory

Background: The importance of increasing adolescence girl's level of physical activity is recognized as a priority for having a healthy lifestyle. However, adolescent girls especially Iranian, are at high risk for physical inactivity. Social Cognitive Theory [SCT] is a successful theory to explain physical activity behavior. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of physical activity based on the SCT

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 adolescent girls [15-16 yr old] in Tehran, Iran [2013]. The participants were randomly chosen with multistage sampling. The SCT constructs consisted of self-efficacy, self-regulation, social support, outcome expectancy, and self-efficacy to overcoming impediments. Statistical analysis was carried out applying SPSS: 16, LISREL 8.8. Stepwise regression was used to test predictors of behavior. Pearson correlation was assessed

Results: Self efficacy to overcoming impediments was the main construct to predict physical activity [Beta=0.37]. Other determinants were self-efficacy [Beta=0.29], family support [beta=0.14], outcome expectancy [beta=0.13], friend support [beta=0.12], and self-regulation [beta=0.11], respectively. In general, the SCT questionnaire determined 0.85 variation of physical activity behavior. All of the constructs had direct significant relation to physical activity behavior [P<0.001]

Conclusions: The constructs of SCT provide a suitable framework to perform promoting physical activity programs and self-efficacy to overcoming impediments and self-efficacy are the best predictors of physical activity in adolescent girls

Predicting tobacco smoking among male adolescents in Hamadan city, west of Iran in 2014: an application of the prototype willingness model

As adolescent tobacco smoking has become a widespread problem in developing countries, it is time to understand the cognitive determinants of adolescents' decisions to engage in tobacco smoking. This study aimed to investigate the predicting factors associated with tobacco smoking among male adolescents based on Prototype Willingness Model [PWM] as a theoretical framework. This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 810 male adolescents of Hamadan City western Iran, recruited with a multistage sampling method. The data-gathering tool consisted of a questionnaire based on the PWM constructs. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-19 software, by bivariate correlations, liner and logistic regression tests. The prevalence of current tobacco smoking was 17.2%. Behavioral willingness and subjective norms were the most important predictors of behavioral intentions, whereas subjective norms, attitude and prototype were the most important predictors for behavioral willingness. The result obtained from logistic regression analysis revealed that both pathways of PWM constructs [behavioral intention [OR=1.207; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.28] and behavioral willingness [OR=1.334; 95% CI: 1.25, 1.41] were significant predicting factors for tobacco smoking among male adolescents. The framework of the PWM is applicable and useful in understanding tobacco smoking among male adolescents. In addition, the results revealed the importance of social reaction path when examining adolescents' smoking status

Assessing compliance with standard precautions for prevention of hepatitis B infection of health care staff

Health care working should be considered as an occupational hazard. Risk of blood-borne viruses and preventing needle stick injuries, high costs of treatment and many patients capability lead to principles are called standard precautions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the standard precautions for preventing hepatitis B infection in the health care staff. A cross sectional study was conducted on 135 employees of health services . Data were collected using questionnaires for data analysis and statistical software was used SPSS-Verl9. 23% of employees had been injured at least one time during their working years. 30 [21%] cases of injuries were reported, logistic regression analysis showed that the most important factors of decreasing the risk of injuries and raising the standard precautions were health care workers willingness to work [OR =1.78, CI=6.38-0.49] and standard precautions at the health center officials [OR =1.67, CI=3.62-0.53]. Between jobs [p= 0.12], jobs status, educational level and the cause of injury [P< 0.05] with injuries significant relation were observed. The most common cause of injury was getting blood [10.40%] and the most prevalent means or instrument of damage was needle [11.10%]. Our findings need to be revised in new construction principles affecting specialists' standard precautions for prevention of hepatitis B infection

[Development of "intention to use oral contraception" questionnaire based on theory of planned behavior in women using withdrawal method]

Need assessment for promotion reproductive health is important subject and development a questionnaire is essential. Thus the aim of this study was development of questionnaire of intention to use of oral contraception in withdrawal users based on construct of Theory of Planned Behavior [TPB]. In-depth interviews were conducted to elicit the salient beliefs relevant to oral contraception among withdrawal users. Then a cross-sectional study carried out in Tehran, Iran for validate of questionnaire. Participants recruited from attending five family planning clinics of public health services in the Eastern district of Tehran, Iran. Validity and reliability was evaluated using concurrent, content validity and Cronbach's alpha and test- retest respectively. Factor structure of the questionnaire was extracted by exploratory factor analysis [EFA]. Confirmatory factor analysis [CFA] conducted to assess how well the EFA extracted model fits observed data. The SPSS version 16 and Lisrel programs were used to analyze the data. Reliability and validity were confirmed. The principal component analysis revealed a three-factor structure for the questionnaire including attitude, subjective norm and perceive behavior control that explained 50.4 percent of the total of variance. In general, the findings suggest that questionnaire of intention to use of oral contraception in withdrawal users based on Theory of Planned Behavior is a reliable and valid measure

[Effectiveness of an educational intervention for reducing Paan consumption among adolescents]

Objective[s]: To determine the effectiveness of an educational intervention for reducing Paan consumption among adolescents aged 12-14 years in Chabahr, Iran

Methods: In this study [105] young adolescents were selected through random selection and divided in two groups [experimental and control]. Data were collected in tree stages by a valid questionnaire

Results: After educational intervention means score of knowledge, attitudes, affective belief and behavior in reducing Paan consumption increased significantly in experimental group but not in control group

Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the educational intervention based on affective beliefs was effective in reducing Paan use behavior among adolescents

[Factors predicting mood changes in oral contraceptive pill users]

Objective [s]: over 100 million women worldwide are using oral contraceptives pills [OCP] and mood changes were being as the primary reason for OCP discontinuation. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and predisposing factors to mood change in oral contraceptive pills users

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 500 women aged 15-49 years old using low dose [LD] pills attending family planning centers in Ahwaz, Iran in year 2012. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews using an structured questionnaire including items on demographic, self-efficacy and mood change. Both univarate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between OCP use and the independent variables

Results: In all 31% of women [n =153] reported mood change due to OCs use. The results of logistic regression revealed that education [OR =1.80, 95% CI=1.15-2.80, P =0.009], place of living [OR =2.57, 95% CI=1.06-6.20, P =0.03], and self-efficacy [OR =0.87, 95% CI=0.80-0.94, P =0.001] were significant predictors of mood change

Conclusion: The findings indicated that the prevalence of mood changes due to OCP use was relatively high among Iranian women. In addition the findings showed that education on side effects and self-efficacy was important predicting factors for mood changes. Indeed implementing educational programs and increasing self-efficacy among women are recommended

[Theory of reasoned action: comparison of self-efficacy and perceived behavioral control in substance abuse avoidance using path analysis]

Objective[s]: To determine the effect comparison of self efficacy[S-E] and perceived behavioral control [PBC] on Theory of Reasoned Action prediction in substance abuse avoidance by path analysis. [By Lisrel software]. Therefore PBC and S-E were added to Theory of Reasoned Action. Then It was compared the model fitness and prediction percentage of intention and behavior by Theory of Reasoned Action and the other it's versions

Methods: Validity and reliability of questionnaires were assessed and data were collected from 433 high school students [15-19 years-sons] on the various components of models. Then it was compared fitness indices and percentage of intention and behavior prediction by path analysis between TRA and other it's developed versions

Results: The results indicated that fitness indices and percentage of intention and behavior prediction by the Theory of Reasoned Action in substance abuse avoidance were become well by PBC and S-E. This effect had a minimum rate in version with PBC and a maximum rate in version with SE. in addition SE was more effective than PBC in this effectiveness especially on intention prediction rate

Conclusion: The results of this study indicated PBC and S-E were increased the Reasoned Action Theory effective in substance abuse avoidance

Stage-based interventions for drug abuse prevention among petrochemical workers in assaluyeh

Educational program for drug abuse prevention should emphasize on trans-theoretical model [TTM]. This study was designed to survey effects of TTM in substance abuse prevention among petrochemical workers in Iran. This randomized clinical trial was done on 181 workers of petrochemical company in Assaluyeh. Education program was prepared according to resistance skills, decisional balance, processes of change [cognitive and behavior], self esteem, self-efficacy and life skills. Intervention group received educational program by lecture and group discussion about principles of TTM. Intervention and control groups was compared before and 5 month after intervention. Intervention group received educational package, including posters and pamphlets, within 5 months. Educational activities had significant impact on awareness of substance abuse, risk factors and protective factors, self efficacy, decisional balance for apply resistance skills contain pros and cons, attitude and also processes of change on resistance skills in cognitive and behavioral domain, while there found no significant changes in control group. According to positive effects of TTM as a educational program for drug abuse prevention, application of this model recommended in prevention of drug abuse among industrial workers