Urbanization and noncommunicable disease [NCD] risk factors: WHO STEPwise Iranian NCD risk factors surveillance in 2011

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between urbanization and risk factors of noncommunicable diseases [NCDs] according to the World Health Organization stepwise approach to surveillance of NCDs. This study is part of a NCD risk factor surveillance of 10 069 individuals in all provinces of the Islamic Republic of Iran, aged over 20 years, during 2011. By utilizing 2011 census data, urbanization levels were determined in all provinces and logistics regression was used to examine the relationship between urbanization and risk factors. Among males, urbanization had a positive correlation with low physical activity [OR=1.7; 95% CI: 1.42-2.09], low fruit and vegetable consumption [OR=1.8; 95% CI: 1.09-2.96], and high BMI [OR=1.4; 95% CI: 1.20-1.70]. Among females there was a positive and significant correlation with low physical activity [OR=1.2; 95% CI: 1.08-1.49], low fruit and vegetable consumption [OR=1.22; 95% CI: 0.78-1.91] and high BMI [OR=1.3; 95% CI: 1.14-1.53]. Thus, urbanization has a significant correlation with increases in NCD factors in the Islamic Republic of Iran

[Subclavian vein cannulation success or failure in neonates and children]

Central vein cannulation [CVC] allows administration of large volumes of fluids in short times and at high osmolaritiy for rehydration, volume replacement, chemotherapy and parenteral nutrition. Percutaneous central venous line insertion has replaced peripheral venous cut-down as the primary mode of short term venous access in children. 3264 subclavian vein cannulations in neonates and children were analyzed regarding successful attempt for catheterization and early complication rates after the procedure retrospectively. We had 1340 newborn patients [first 28 days of life] in our study population. In this group, only 55cannulations were failed, 1 patient were complicated with pneumothorax, in 21 cases guide wires became malfunction and only in 981 cases attempts to cannulation were successful in first attempt. In the remaining 1924 patients, 1 month to 8 years old, only 14 attempts to cannulation of subclavian vein was failed and in 1655 cases cannulation performed successfully at first attempt. CVC success rate was significantly higher in children older than 1 month compare to less than 1 month age [P=0.03]. Cannulation of central vein in neonates and children in a skilled hand would be performed with great success rate and low complications but in neonates less than 1 month age it has higher failure rate

Association of body mass index and abdominal obesity with marital status in adults

Obesity continues to be an important public health problem worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the association of body mass index and abdominal obesity with current marital status among the adult population of Iran. A nation-wide cross-sectional survey was conducted from December 2004 through February 2005.The subjects were selected by stratified probability cluster sampling through household family members in Iran. Weight, height, waist circumference, and marital status of 89,404 men and women aged 15 - 65 [mean: 39.2] years were recorded. Four classes of body mass index, i.e., <18.5, 18.5 - 24.9, 25 - 29.9, and ?30 kg/cm2, and three marital status, i.e., currently-, formerly-, and never-married were used. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference ?102 cm in men and ?88 cm in women. The prevalence of overweight was twofold higher in married men [OR: 2.24; 95% CI: 2.08 - 2.41] and women [OR: 2.36; 95% CI: 2.20 - 2.53] than never-married men and women, even when age, educational level, leisure time physical activity, smoking habits, and place of residence were controlled. The multivariate OR of obesity was increased about threefold in married men [2.82; 95% CI: 2.51 - 3.18] and women [3.64; 95% CI: 3.31 - 3.99]. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was twofold higher among married men [2.02; 95% CI: 1.79 - 2.29] and about threefold higher among married women [2.87; 95% CI: 2.69 - 3.06]. The marital status appears to influence the likelihood of developing overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity in both men and women in Iran