Genomic Profiling of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia: Basic and Clinical Approach

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematological stem cell cancer driven by BCR-ABL1 fusion protein. We review the previous and recent evidence on the significance of CML in diagnostic and clinic management. The technical monitoring of BCR-ABL1 with quantitative real time-PCR has been used in assessing patient outcome. The cytogenetic mark of CML is Philadelphia chromosome, that is formed by reciprocal chromosomal translocations between human chromosome 9 and 22, t(9:22) (q³⁴:q¹¹). It makes a BCR-ABL1 fusion protein with an anomaly tyrosine kinase activity that promotes the characteristic proliferation of progenitor cells in CML and acute lymphoblastic lymphoma. The targeting of BCR-ABL1 fusion kinase is the first novel paradigm of molecularly targeted curing.

Specific chromosomal abnormalities in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia from the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Cytogenetic analysis performed at diagnosis is considered to be the most valuable prognostic factor in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), a very heterogeneous disease. Little data exist in Iran regarding the cytogenetic characteristics of ANLL . Therefore, cytogenetic investigations were performed for 58 patients with various subtypes of ANLL with unstimulated short term culture and high resolution cell synchronization techniques. Among the 58 evaluated patients, 45 (77.5%) showed clonal karyotypic abnormalities and the percentages of the abnormal cells were recorded within the range of 30%-100%. Some 14 were classified as M1, 20 as M2, 19 as M3 , 3 as M4, 1 as M5 and 1 as M6. The most common chromosome rearrangements were t(15;17), t( 8;21) and t(9;22). Trisomy of chromosome 8 (+8) was the most frequent numerical alteration in 3 patients with M1, M2 and M6. The incidence of other chromosomal defects, including -10, DMCs , -19 , 5q- , dicentric(dic), chromatid breaks, and marker chromosomes was relatively high. Similarities and dissimilarities of our study with others may be due to the role of genetic sensitivities as well as uneven geographic distribution in the pathogenesis of ANLL. Further prospective studies are warranted to precisely elucidate ethnic differences in the pathogenesis of this disease in different populations.