Study of skin neoplasms in a university hospital: integration of anatomopathological records and its interface with the literature

Abstract: Background: Skin cancer is a highly prevalent condition with a multifactorial etiology resulting from genetic alterations, environmental and lifestyle factors. In Brazil, among all malignant tumors, skin cancers have the highest incidences. Objective: To retrospectively evaluate the incidence, prevalence and profile of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and cutaneous melanoma in Campos dos Goytacazes and region. Methods: In total, 2,207 histopathological reports of a local reference hospital were analyzed between January 2013 and December 2015, of which 306 corresponded to the neoplasms studied. Results: Of the 306 reports evaluated, 232 basal cell carcinomas (75.9%), 55 squamous cell carcinomas (18%) and 19 cutaneous melanomas (6.5%) were identified. The face was the most involved anatomical site (58.8%) and women (51%) were the most affected gender. The temporal analysis revealed a decrease in the overall incidence of 3.4% from 2013 to 2014 and 5.4% from 2014 to 2015. There was a 10.1% increase in basal cell carcinomas and 38% in melanomas in this period; however, there was a decrease in the number of squamous cell carcinomas of 14.8% during the studied years. Study limitations: Some samples of cutaneous fragments had no identification of the anatomical site of origin. Conclusion: Research that generates statistical data on cutaneous tumors produces epidemiological tools useful in the identification of risk groups and allows the adoption of more targeted and efficient future prevention measures.

Dermatite perioral granulomatosa com acometimento extrafacial na infância: boa resposta terapêutica com uso de azitromicina oral / Granulomatous perioral dermatitis with extra-facial involvement in childhood: good therapeutic response with oral azithromycin

RESUMO Objetivo: Apresentar um caso de dermatite perioral granulomatosa (DPG) com acometimento extrafacial e resposta terapêutica satisfatória ao uso de macrolídeo oral por curto período. Descrição do caso: Escolar de nove anos, sexo feminino, com quadro exuberante de DPG com acometimento extrafacial. Durante o período de evolução, submeteu-se a múltiplas terapêuticas ineficazes, apresentando melhora significativa das lesões após o uso de azitromicina por cinco dias. Comentários: A DPG é uma afecção dermatológica inflamatória representada por erupções papuloeritematosas em região perioral, nasal e periorbitária, mais comum em crianças e adolescentes. Raramente estende-se à região genital, ao tronco e às extremidades, caracterizando o comprometimento extrafacial. De etiologia ainda desconhecida, parece apresentar correlação com uso de corticosteroides tópicos e outros agentes.

ABSTRACT Objective: To present a case of granulomatous perioral dermatitis (GPD) with extra-facial involvement and good response to short-term treatment with oral macrolide. Case description: A 9-year-old girl presented with exuberant GPD with extra-facial involvement. During follow-up, she received multiple ineffective therapies, but showed significant improvement of the lesions after the use of azithromycin for five days. Comments: GPD is an inflammatory dermatological condition represented by papulo-erythematous eruptions on perioral, nasal and periorbital regions, more prevalent in children and adolescents. It rarely extends to the genital region, trunk, and extremities, which characterizes its extra-facial manifestation. Its etiology is unknown, but it seems to have a correlation with the use of topical corticosteroids and other agents.

Erysipelatoid Carcinoma

SUMMARY Erysipelatoid Carcinoma (EC), also known as Inflammatory Metastatic Carcinoma, is a rare form of cutaneous metastasis, secondary to an internal malignancy, more often related to breast cancer. Clinically, the lesion has a well-marked, bound erythematous appearance, much like an infectious process, such as erysipelas and cellulitis, these being the most common differential diagnoses. It is characterized by an acute or subacute appearance with an erythematous plaque, sometimes hot and painful, being more often situated in the primary tumor vicinity, especially in the thorax wall in the region of a mastectomy due to breast cancer. Here we present the case of a 75-year-old patient with ductal infiltrated carcinoma for 3 years, who presented an acute erythematous and infiltrated plaque in the region of a previous mastectomy, with a final diagnosis of EC.

Psoríase artropática eritrodérmica: rápida remissão com secuquinumabe / Erythrodermic psoriatic arthritis: quick remission with secukinumab

Entre 20% e 30% dos pacientes com psoríase vulgar têm formas exuberantes que requerem terapia sistêmica. A imunobiologia representa um ramo promissor da farmacologia moderna e configura um dos grandes avanços da medicina atual. O secuquinumabe é um anticorpo monoclonal de imunoglobulina humana totalmente recombinante, recentemente introduzido no mercado, que atua neutralizando seletivamente a interleucina17-A e promove excelentes resultados no tratamento de casos moderados a graves de psoríase. Apresentamos uma paciente de 66 anos internada por psoríase artropática eritrodérmica e tratada com secuquinumabe sob regime de monoterapia. Houve melhora importante das lesões cutâneas após 6 semanas e resolução completa do quadro, inclusive da artrite, após 10 semanas de tratamento. (AU)

Between 20% and 30% of patients with psoriasis have exuberante forms that require systemic therapy. Immunobiology represents a promising branch of modern pharmacology and is one of the great advances of current medicine. Secukinumab is a recently released recombinant human immunoglobulin monoclonal antibody that selectively neutralizes interleukin17A and promotes excelente results in the treatment of moderate to severe cases of psoriasis. We present a 66 year old patient hospitalized for erythrodermic arthropathic psoriasis and treated by a monotherapy regimen with secukinumab. There was significant mprovement of skin lesions after 6 weeks and complete resolution of the condition, including the arthritis, after 10 weeks of treatment. (AU)

Cromomicose: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Chromomycosis: case report and literature review

A cromomicose é uma micose profunda, crônica, com acometimento da pele e do subcutâneo. O fungo é encontrado na natureza nas plantas e no solo, sendo introduzido no organismo através de traumas ou ferimentos. A localização das lesões é, principalmente, nos membros inferiores, podendo também comprometer outras regiões. Os trabalhadores rurais são mais frequentemente acometidos por falta de proteção e exposição contínua. O objetivo deste relato foi apresentar um caso de cromomicose de evolução crônica, fazendo diagnóstico diferencial com outras doenças que causam a síndrome verrucosa (leishmaniose, esporotricose e tuberculose) e realizando breve revisão da literatura. Paciente do gênero masculino, 83 anos, branco, trabalhador rural, procurou Ambulatório de Dermatologia apresentando lesão vegetante, verrucosa, de base eritematosa, com distribuição linear, localizada no membro superior direito com evolução de 9 anos. As características da lesão sugeririam como hipóteses diagnósticas doenças que causam a síndrome verrucosa LECT (iniciais de leishmaniose, esporotricose, cromomicose e tuberculose). Para confirmação diagnóstica, foi realizada biópsia da lesão e exame histopatológico, que revelou presença de células arredondadas de cor castanho escuro em processo de reprodução binária, confirmando o diagnóstico de cromomicose. O paciente foi submetido ao tratamento com itraconazol e crioterapia combinados. A cromomicose possui diagnósticos diferencias em decorrência das características clínicas da lesão,sendo fundamentais, para sua confirmação diagnóstica, exames específicos.

Chromomycosis is a deep and chronic mycosis that affects the skin and the subcutaneous tissues. The fungus is found in nature, in plants and soil, being introduced into the body through trauma or injury. Lesions occur mainly on the lower limbs, but can also involve other regions. Rural workers are more frequently affected due to lack of protection and continuous exposure. The objective of this report was to present a case of chronic chromomycosis evolution, making differential diagnosis with other diseases that cause warty syndrome (leishmaniasis, sporotrichosis and tuberculosis) and performing a brief literature review. Male patient, 83 years old, white, farm laborer, sought the Dermatology Department presenting vegetative, verrucous lesion, with erythematous base, linear distribution, located on the right upper limb, with a 9-year progression. Lesion characteristics would suggest as diagnostic hypotheses diseases that cause warty syndrome LECT (acronym in Portuguese from leishmaniasis, sporotrichosis, chromomycosis and tuberculosis). For diagnostic confirmation, a biopsy and an histopathological examination were performed and revealed the presence of round, dark brown cells in binary reproduction process, confirming the diagnosis of chromomycosis. The patient was treated with itraconazole and cryotherapy combination. Chromomycosis has differential diagnosis due to the clinical characteristics of the lesion; therefore specific tests are fundamental to confirm the diagnosis.

Marshall's syndrome / Síndrome de Marshall

Marshall´s syndrome is a form of acquired cutis laxa without systemic involvement, which is preceded by an inflammatory dermatitis with a neutrophilic component. We report a case of a 6-year-old boy with clinical and histopathological features of this syndrome. The etiology remains unknown and there is no definitive treatment.

Síndrome de Marshall é uma forma de cutis laxa adquirida, sem envolvimento sistêmico, que é precedida por uma dermatite inflamatória com componente neutrofílico. Relatamos o caso de um menino de 6 anos de idade com as características clínicas e histopatológicas desta síndrome. A etiologia desta doença permanece desconhecida e ainda não existe um tratamento definitivo. .