Biochemical and histochemical changes induced by long term use of nalbuphine versus morphine in rat liver

Fifty-six mature albino rats were used for this study. They were divided into three groups. Eight animals were kept as placebo control group [group C] and were injected saline intraperitoneally, daily for one month. The remaining 48 animals were divided into 2 main groups, 24 animals each: Nalbuphine group [group N] and morphine group [group M]. Each was subdivided into 3 equal subgroups, 8 animals each. Each subgroup was given the corresponding drug in the analgesic dose [N1 and M1 subgroups given 0.9 ug/g b. wt.], double the analgesic dose [N2 and M2 subgroups given 1.8 ug/g b. wt.] or triple the analgesic dose [N3 and M3 subgroups given 2.7 ug/g b. wt.] intraperitoneally, daily for one month. Alanine transferase [ALT], aspartate transferase [AST], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], total proteins and albumin were estimated after one month. Histochemical studies of ALP, acid phosphatase [ACP] and succinic dehydrogenase were done. From the results obtained it was concluded that nalbuphine hydrochloride is much more safer than morphine for prolonged use, especially in patients with compromised livers

Ultrastructural changes in the hepatocytes of albino rats treated with high doses of rifampin

Twelve rats were used, of which 6 rats received 400 mg/kg rifampicin daily for 5 days through an intragastric route, 3 rats received equivalent amounts of saline daily for 5 days, and 3 rats received nothing. The animals were sacrificed on the 6th day after initiation of treatment. Hepatic tissues were taken from all animals and were processed for electron microscopic study. In EM study. there was reduction of glycogen content in all centrilobular hepatocytes, in which few discrete glycogen particles appeared in relation to SER. The periportal hepatocytes showed heterogeneous response in which some cells kept high levels of glycogen and other cells showed marked reduction in glycogen content. There was mild proliferation of SER in both periportal and centrilobular hepatocytes while RER was increased in both areas. Intimate relation between RER and mitochondia was explained

Effect of some anesthetic techniques on postoperative pain after inguinal herniorrhaphy

Postoperative pain was assessed in 30 patients undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy with three types of anesthesia; general anesthesia [thiopentone-nitrous oxide-halothane], general anesthesia with the addition of local infiltration of the abdominal wall [with 0.25% bupivacaine along the line of the proposed incision] and spinal analgesia [using 0.5% bupivacaine]. The severity of constant incisional pain, movement associated incisional pain and pain upon pressure applied to the surgical wound was assessed by the visual analogue self rating scale at 24, 48 hours and 8 days after the surgery. The addition of local anesthetic with general anesthesia significantly decreased the intensity of all types of postoperative pain compared with general anesthesia alone or spinal analgesia

Cardiovascular effect of oral atropine premedication during halothane anaesthesia in infants

A solution containing either atropine sulfate 0.02 mg/kg body weight, or a placebo was randomly administered orally to 30 infants 1-6 months old and 30 infants 7-16 months old, 30-45 minutes before induction of anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced using halothane in rising concentration up to 3% in a mixture of nitrous oxide/oxygen 60/40%; endotracheal intubation was done under deep halothane 3%. Anesthesia was maintained using 1% halothane with nitrous oxide/oxygen 60/40%. The onset of action of atropine was 25 minutes after oral administration as determined by 15% increase in heart rate above the baseline level. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure were measured at 3-minute intervals starting just before induction of anesthesia and continued until the onset of surgical stimulation. It was concluded that the depressant effect of halothane on cardiovascular system is age related and that oral atropine premedication [0.02 mg/kg] is effective in attenuating the cardiovascular depression associated with halothane anesthesia in infants

Treatment of post-spinal headache with epidural dextran 40

The present study was done on 40 patients suffering from post-spinal headache after low and mid spinal anesthesia. Patients were divided into two groups; in one group [20 patients], Dextran 40 was epidurally injected as [2 ml per every 10 cm of the subject's height], in the second group [20 patients], Aspegic was given intravenously as [25 mg/kg body weight]. Assessment of headache was studied subjectively by questionnaire and patients' verbal scores and objectively by facial expression, bodily movement and cooperation scores. From this study, it was found that epidural Dextran 40 is effective in alleviating post-spinal headache, as Aspegic, but Dextran 40 showed a more prolonged duration of action [5 hours] without any side effects

Postoperative arterial oxygen saturation in paediatric patients during transportation to the recovery room

Patients were studied in two age groups 15 patients each 6-12 months and 13 months - 6 years. Patients were premedicated by chloral hydrate syrup [40 mg/5 kg body weight], given 30 minutes before induction. Anesthesia was induced by inhalation of rising concentration of halothane up to 3% and maintained by 1.25% halothane and nitrous oxide/oxygen [60/40%]. At the end of anesthesia 100% oxygen was given via a face mask. During transfer and on arrival to the recovery room, there was a significant decrease in SaO2 in both age groups of patients with more desaturation in the younger age group 6-12 months. From this study, it was concluded that rapid transportation and supplemental oxygen administration is recommended during transport and on arrival to the recovery room, especially in younger pediatric patients

Occupational exposure of medical professionals to some anaesthetics in Egypt II health effects

This study included 60 medical professionals [males and females] exposed to waste anaesthetics in the operating rooms [O.Rs.] of Alexandria University hospitals, and 30 controls. Subjects were interviewed for health complaints developed after employment; also, some hematological and blood and urine biochemical tests were performed. Allergic manifestations, hepatitis, Kidney disorders, dizziness, headache, disorientation, difficult concentration, fatigue, nervousness and irritability were significantly higher among O.R. subjects than among controls. No changes of fertility and pregnancy outcome were observed. The white blood cell count was significantly lower while erythrocyte sedimentation rates [ESR, ESR[2]] were significantly higher. Blood urea, SGOT and SGPT were significantly higher, while serum bilirubin was only slightly lower, with no difference in serum creatinine. Blood halothane levels ranged between 1-6 ppm, similar to levels in previous studies, while blood levels of N[2]O were 50-350 ppm, considerably higher than previously reported values; and the total urinary fluoride ion concentration was significantly higher, and related significantly to 1ife-hour duration of exposure