[Effect of Islet Cell Autoantibodies on clinical course of children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus: a one year follow up]

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus [T1DM] is an autoimmune disease identified by the presence of several autoantibodies to islet and/ or /beta-cell antigens, among which is islet cell autoantibodies [ICA]. The positivity of ICA in newly diagnosed patients with T1DM, may predict the course of the disease

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the ICA positive patients with newly diagnosed T1DM and to verify how the ICA positivitycould influence the course of disease during one year follow up as regard clinical improvement[frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis [DKA] and insulin dose requirement] and glycemic ocontrol[glycosylated hemoglobin[HbAlc]level]

Methods: A prospective study was conducted over a period of twoyears at Assiut University Children Hospital; including 34 newly diagnosed T1DM children; 20 females and 14 males; the mean age was 9.14 +/- 3.52 yr. Work up for the patients included complete clinical assessment, CBC, liver andkidney function tests,lipid profile, ICA andHbAlclevels at first presentation. We followed up patients for one year with assessment of episodes of DKA, HbAlclevels quarterly, and the mean of insulin doses were calculated and assessed at the end of the study

Results: Out of 34 newly diagnosed T1DM children; 22 [64.7%] wereICA positive. The mean insulin requirement at the end offollow up was significantly greater in ICA positive group [P<0.04]. Out of 34patients, 13 [38.2%] presented by DKA as a first manifestation of T1DM, whileduring the follow up period there was no significant difference [P>0.05] between both ICA positive andnegative groups. The HbA lc levels were significantly greater in ICA positive group than those with negative results throughout the follow up period [P<0.02].Atthe time of presentation 27.3% and 63.6% of ICA positive cases had total cholesterol andLDL-Cholesterol levels which were significantly greater than IC Anegative cases [P<0.03 and P<0.001] respectively

Conclusion: Follow up of newly diagnosed children with T1DM with positive ICA had poor glycemic control [greater HbAlclevel], during the course of follow up, and higher insulin requirement at the end of follow up

Correlation between the level of vitamin D and Bone mass index in primary osteoporotic patients in Taif, KSA

Osteoporosis [OP] is considered as one of the commonest metabolic bone diseases in orthopedics, characterized by a reduction in bone mass density and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to diminished material properties with an increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to minor trauma fractures. The aim of this cross sectional study was to detect the level of vitamin D in patients suffering from primary osteoporosis and to correlate their levels with bone mass index. This work was performed - at the Orthopedic Outpatient Clinic of King Abdul Aziz specialist Hospital, Taif, [KSA] - on 115 patients [77 females and 38 males] fulfilling WHO revised criteria of 1994 for osteoporosis. The mean age of patients was 67.5 +/- 8.2. A medical history was taken and bony pains, fragility fractures, and loss of height, were elicited, with Inclusion criteria in the form of a T-score

Effect of nickel chloride on the lung of male albino rats with evaluation of the possible protective role of vitamin A light and scanning electron microscopy study

Nickel chloride is used in stainless steel industries and as a catalyser in catalytic exhausts in new cars for the last ten years. Increased levels of nickel are present in blood of traffic policemen due to its presence as a fuel additive in lead free fuels. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of nickel chloride on the lungs of male albino rats as well as to evaluate the possible protective role of vitamin A. Vitamin A is chosen because it is essential for growth and development of cells especially the respiratory epithelial cells. The animals were divided into 3 groups. Group I [control group], Group II was injected with nickel chloride and Group III was given vitamin A concomitantly with nickel chloride. The experiment was conducted for 28 days. Nickel chloride induced vacuolation of the cells lining the intrapulmonary air passages. The interalveolar septa were thickened and showed cellular infiltration. There was a highly significant increase in the mean number of eosinophils and macrophages. RBCs were demonstrated in the lumina of the intrapulmonary air passages and in the alveolar spaces. Type II pneumocytes showed apparent hyperplasia that was clearly observed in toluidine blue stained semithin sections. Mucous secretion of goblet cells was collected on the surface of the mucosa of the large intrapulmonary air passages. Scanning electron microscopy showed distortion of the cilia, accumulation of mucous secretion in the bronchial lumen and baldness of a large number of the ciliated cells lining the bronchi. Group III rats that received vitamin A together with nickel chloride showed a histological picture nearly similar to the control. In conclusion, Nickel chloride induced serious histological changes in the lungs of male albino rats. These changes could be ameliorated by a concomitant intake of vitamin A. So, attention must be focused on vitamin A and carotinoids as protective measures for the respiratory system

value of serum glycolytic enzymes in diagnosis, prognosis and therapy monitoring of acute childhood leukemia and lymphoma

Serum aldolase [ALD], phosphoglucomutase [PGM], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] and enolase [ENL] were studied in 34 cases with acute leukemia including 22 cases with acute lymphocytic leukemia [ALL] and 12 cases with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia [ANLL]; 35 cases with lymphomas formed of 29 cases with non-Hodgkins lymphomna [NHL] and 6 cases with Hodgkins lymphoma [HL]; and 25 controls. Significantly higher glycolytic enzyme activities were observed in all disease groups studied before treatment than the controls. Cases with abdominal NHL showed significantly higher serum glyeolytic enzyme activities than either head and neck NHL or mediastinal NHL. There was significant positive correlation between both serum LDH and aldolase activities and the rate of relapse in eases with NHL. Serum LDH showed the highest sensitivity in diagnosing cases with ALL and cases with NHL while serum aldolase showed the highest sensitivity in diagnosing cases with ANLL. Significantly higher serum glycolytic enzyme activities were observed in all disease groups studied before clinical and/or hematological relapse than controls by a period ranged from 2.5 to 6 months [Biochemical relapse]. Serum enolase activity showed significantly higher values in cases of ALL with than without CNS relapse. These glycolytic enzymes appeared to be useful markers in diagnoses, prognosis and early relapse detection of ALL cases, ANLL cases and NHL cases. Serum enolase estimation also may be of value in detecting CNS relapse in cases with ALL

effect of parasitic infection on mental ability of some school children in El-Minia Governorate

The study included 275 of primary school children [186 males and 89 females] located in one zone in El-Minia city aged 8-12 years. Through history, clinical examination, intelligence quotient test [I.Q., haemoglobin determination, urine and stool analysis were done. Frequencies of parasitic infection were: 10%, 8.7%, 7.%, 2.9% and 0.72% for H.nana, S.haematobium, E. histolytica, G. lambia and Ancylostoma respectively. The relationship between various parasitic infection and means of scores of I.Q. in patients with H.nana was [89.64] and for S.haematobium was [89.17] which were significantly lower than in non infected children [106.79]. The study of correlation between haemoglobin level and I.Q., revealed a positive correlation in non infected groups and those infected with H.nana and S.haematobium