Résumé
Background@#The cause of maxillary growth restriction in patients with cleft lip and palate remains controversial. While studies have investigated the effects surgical technique and timing have on maxillary growth, few focus on patients with isolated cleft palate (ICP). The purpose of this study was to determine the impact palate repair and its associated complications may have on maxillary growth. @*Methods@#A retrospective chart review of ICP patients who underwent palatoplasty from 1962 to 1999 at Akron Children’s Hospital was performed. Patient demographics, Veau type, age at primary repair, closure technique, presence of fistula or velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), number of palatal operations, maxillary hypoplasia (MH) frequency, and follow-up were recorded. Exclusion criteria included patients with cleft lip, submucous cleft, or syndromes. @*Results@#Twenty-nine non-syndromic ICP patients were identified; 62% (n = 18) had Veau type 1 and 38% (n = 11) had Veau type 2. All patients underwent 2-flap or Furlow palatoplasty with mobilization of mucoperiosteal flaps. Vomerine flaps were used in all Veau 2 cleft palate closures. Palatoplasty was performed at a mean age of 19.9 ± 8.2 months. Average follow-up was 209 ± 66.5 months. The rate of VPI was 59% (n = 17) and the rate of oronasal fistula was 14% (n = 4). @*Conclusions@#There was a low incidence of MH despite complications after initial palate closure. Our results seem to suggest that age at palate closure, type of cleft palate, and type of surgical technique may not be associated with MH. Additionally, subsequent procedures and complications after primary palatoplasty such as VPI and palatal fistula may not restrict maxillary growth.
Résumé
Microalgae have been known for broad spectrum of ecological and industrial applications. However, continuous mass culturing of microalgae is still a challenging task. In this context, studies on optimization of culturing conditions like photoperiod and light intensity on nutrients consumption are not uncommon. In the present study, we tried to evaluate the effect of different photoperiod (PP) and photosynthetic photon flux intensity (PPFI) on the nutrient consumption and algal growth of Picochlorum maculatum in shrimp culture effluent. The experiment lasted for 15 days at five different PP cycles (24:0, 18:06, 14:10, 10:14 and 6:18 h light:dark) and four PPFI (50, 100, 150 and 200 µmol m-2 s-1) at 28ºC temperature. Every five days the samples were analyzed and results showed that the PP of 18 h light and 6 h dark and 150 µmol m-2 s-1 of PPFI favouring the growth of P. maculatum with a maximum nutrients consumption (PO43+ 91%, NO3- 68%, NO2- 64%, NH3+ 77%), maximum growth (0.876±0.001 abs) and biomass production (9.93±0.19 g L−1) with highest yield of 9.2% total lipid. Among the photoperiod and photosynthetic photon flux intensity tested, 18:6 h light:dark and 150 µmol m-2 s-1 showed the highest nutrients removal and algal growth. This study strongly suggests that P. maculatum PSDK01 was a potential candidate for further commercial development in larger scale
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Introduction and Objectives: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a potential life-threatening bleeding condition requiring accurate, prompt, and appropriate patient evaluation management. Early resuscitation and surgical intervention play a vital role in deciding the mortality and morbidity. Considerable advances have been made in endoscopic, surgical, and pharmacological therapy. The present study is aimed at the prediction of clinical outcome of the patients presenting to with UGIB using full Rockall score (RS) and the Glasgow-Blatchford score (GBS) systems. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study where 118 patients who presented to the casualty with UGIB were studied. The data regarding the clinical profile, comorbidities, and course in the hospital were recorded. The GBS and full RS systems were calculated for every patient. The clinical course and outcome of each patient during the hospital stay were recorded. The patients were followed up for 1 month post-discharge for the complications such as rebleeding and mortality. Results: Follow-up was not done in 27 patients due to poor compliance. 11 patients had rebleeding (rebleeding rate - 12%) and 15 patients succumbed to the illness (mortality rate -16.5%) during 1-month follow-up period. During our study, it was found that GBS was more accurate in terms of detecting transfusion need, rebleeding rate, intensive care unit admission rate, and endoscopic intervention rate. Our study concluded that full RS was better than GBS in the prediction of 1-month mortality rate. Conclusion: The present study found that full RS system is better for the prediction of 1-month mortality, while GBS system is better for the prediction of other outcomes. Familiarity with the above scoring system can be a tool in the approach of the patient with UGIB.
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The aim of this study was to assess the open pond and groundwater quality of Tiruchirapalli city of Tamil Nadu, India. The groundwater quality viz., pH, electrical conductivity, total hardness, calcium ion, magnesium ion, chloride, carbonate, bicarbonate, inorganic nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, ammonia and reactive silicate were analysed with respect to various seasons and recorded in the range of 7.1 to 8.1, 97.67 to 533.67 mhos cm-1, 7.07 to 186 mg l-1, 4.67 and 112.0 mg l-1, 2.40 to 92.80 mg l-1, 15.23 to 661.73 mg l-1, 60 to 480 mg l-1, 22.7 to 544.9 mg l-1, 15.33 to 68.00 mg l-1, 0.001 to 0.480 mg l-1, 0.01 to 0.42 mg l-1, 0.02 to 0.75 mg l-1 and 1.1 to 2.96 mg l-1 respectively. The present findings concluded that the quality of ground waters can be considered suitable for human consumption. But the pond water available in and around Tiruchirappalli city was not fit for human usage, agricultural or industrial purposes.
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Distribution and abundance of copepods were studied in relation to environmental conditions at two different ecosystems viz: Neritic (Bay of Bengal) and estuarine (Vellar estuary) of Parangipettai coast from September, 1998 to August, 2000. Over the study period, total 85 species of copepods were reported. Among these, the calanoid copepods constituted the major component with 63.52% followed by cyclopoids (29.41%) and harpacticoids (7.05%). The copepods population density was found to be high (2, 53, 000 org l-1) in estuarine water, while the species diversity was higher (5.47) in neritic water. The observed spatio-temporal variations in the population density and species diversity of copepods were more related to the environmental state of respective study area.