Résumé
Background: Thyroid nodules comprise a diagnostic challenge mainly because of the need to exclude thyroid malignancy. Approximately, 4% is an estimated prevalence of thyroid nodule on palpation with 15% lifetime risk of developing a thyroid nodule
Objective: To provide importance of sonographic and doppler criteria for differentiation between benign and malignant solid thyroid nodules and their correlation with Fine-needle aspiration cytology [FNAC] or histopathology [HP]
Methods: A prospective study of 103 patients [January 2012 to June 2013] selected from radiology department of Dr.Ziauddin Hospital Karachi who came for ultrasound [US] of thyroid with clinical diagnosis of thyroid nodule followed by FNAC. Presence of malignant features were taken as positive finding for malignancy. The results of US were compared with FNAC/HP and diagnostic accuracy was calculated
Results: Out of 103 cases, 80 were labeled as true positive because US and FNAC results were positive for malignancy while the 2 were false positive as US shows malignant features but FNAC results were negative. 8 patients were labeled as true negative because US and FNAC were negative for malignancy and 13 patients were false negative because US results were negative for malignancy but FNA results were positive. The overall sensitivity and specificity of US was 86.0% and 80.0% respectively. Similarly the positive predictive value [PPV] was 97.5%, negative predictive [NPV] was 38.0% and diagnostic accuracy was 85.43% when compared with FNAC/HP results
Conclusion: Although US is an important tool for prediction of thyroid nodule malignancy, it cannot substitute FNAC/HP for accurate detection for malignancy. However, it can reliably anticipate the suspicion lesions which need intervention on priority basis
Résumé
Pfeiffer syndrome [PS] is a form of acrocephalosyndactyly, a group of rare genetic syndromes, and is characterized by variable degrees of bicoronal craniosynostosis, variable hand and foot malformations and various other associated manifestations. Type I Pfeiffer syndrome is compatible with life. It is characterized by normal intelligence and a classic phenotype of craniosynostosis, broad thumbs, and syndactyly. Types II and III are sporadic in occurrence, with more severe involvement of the central nervous system [CNS] than in type I. Type II is associated with the classic cloverleaf-shaped skull. Neurologic compromise is common in both types II and III
Résumé
True unilateral condylar hyperplasia [CH] of mandible including its variants is an uncommon maxillofacial deformity. It represents unilateral abnormal growth of the mandible including its body and ramus. Discrepancy in the growth of the mandible causing vertical facial asymmetry, creating aesthetic problem resulting in malocclusion as well as psychological issues requiring bi-maxillary surgical correction. In this report we discuss the use of imaging in the diagnosis of these pathologies and investigate its variants