Unilateral Functional Uterine Horn with Non Functioning Rudimentary Horn and Cervico-Vaginal Agenesis: Case Report.

Developmental anomalies involving Mullerian ducts are one of the most fascinating disorders in Gynaecology. The incidence rates vary widely and have been described between 0.1-3.5% in the general population. We report a case of a fifteen year old girl who presented with primary amenorrhea and lower abdomen pain, with history of instrumentation about two months back. She was found to have abdominal lump of sixteen weeks size uterus. On examination vagina was found to be represented as a small blind pouch measuring 2-3cms in length. A rectovaginal fistula (2x2 cms) was also observed. Ultrasonography of abdomen revealed bulky uterus (size 11.2x6 cm) with 150 millilitre of collection. Adiagnosis of hematometra with iatrogenic fistula was made. Vaginal drainage of hematometra was done which was followed by laparotomy. Peroperatively she was found to have a left side unicornuate uterus with right side small rudimentary horn. Left fallopian tube and ovary showed dense adhesions and multiple endometriotic implants. Both cervix and vagina were absent. Total abdominal hysterectomy was done and rectovaginal fistula repaired. The present case is reported due to its rarity as it involved both mullerian agenesis with cervical and vaginal agenesis along with disorder of lateral fusion. This is an asymmetric type of mullerian duct development in which arrest has occurred in different stages of development on two sides.

Synthesis and antituberculostic activity of some novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole

A series of 5-[3'-oxo-6'-[substituted aryl]-2',3',4',5'-tetrahydropyridazin-2'-yl methyl]-2-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole has been synthesized. Appropriate aromatic hydrocarbon reacts with succinic anhydride in presence of AlCl[3] to yield beta-Aroyl propionic acid [1a]. The corresponding acid is cyclised with hydrazine hydrate to give 6-[substituted aryl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro3-pyridazinone [1b]. This intermediate after reaction with ethyl bromo acetate, hydrazinolysed into 3-oxo-6-[substituted aryl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridazinyl acetohydrazide [1c]. The resulting product was converted into 5-[3'oxo-6'-[substituted aryl]-2',3',4',5'-tetrahydropyridazin-2'-yl methyl]-2-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole [Scheme-I]. All the final compounds have been structurally elucidates on the basis of IR, [1]H-NMR, mass spectral data and elemental analysis and screened for antitubercular activity

profile of natural sweetener - stevia

The small perennial shrub, Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is native to valley of Rio Monday in Paraguay. It is one of 150 species of genus Stevia which contains diterpene glycosides e.g. Stevioside, Rebaudioside A, B, C [Dulcoside B], D, E, F, [Dulcoside A], Steviolmonoside, Steviolbioside and Rubusoside in its leaves. All these are responsible for making Stevia about 300 times sweeter than sucrose [0.4% solution]. Stevioside and Rebaudioside A are the abundant glycosides in this plant responsible for the potent sweet taste of the drug. Extract of Stevia leaves have been used for many years as sweetening agent in traditional treatment of diabetes in South America. Several studies demonstrated that Stevia significantly decreases glucose level and increases glucose tolerance in diabetic type II volunteers and experimental animals. Stevioside and Rebaudioside A exert hypoglycemic, insulinotropic [enhance insulin release] and glucogonostatic activities. Organoleptic evaluation of Stevia for sweetener properties demonstrated that it exerts intensively sweet taste superior to most of other sweeteners. Other pharmacological activities such as antihypertensive, anticancer, non-carcinogenic, gastroprotective, antibacterial etc. have been demonstrated by several studies. The present literature survey reveals the phytochemical and pharmacological activities of the Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni