Résumé
Background: The human adrenal cortex shows a distinct proportion of three zones, named zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculate & zona reticularis, from outer inwards, in its histological appearance with differences in its cellular components and functions. Objective: The aim of the present study was to see the variation in the proportion of zones of the adrenal cortex in different age-group in a Bangladeshi population. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from July 2008 to June 2009, based on collection of 140 post mortem human adrenal glands from 70 unclaimed dead bodies which were in the morgue under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into four age-groups including A (11-20 years), B (21-30 years), C (31-40 years) & D (41-60 years). Histological slides were prepared by using routine haematoxylin and eosin stain (H & E). Five best prepared slides from each group were examined under light compound microscope with low magnification. The thickness of different layers adrenal cortex were measured by using ocular and stage micrometer and then converted into percentage volume. Results: The mean volume of the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of the right adrenal cortex were found 14.16±0.79%, 78.40±1.14%, 7.44±0.52% in group A; 14.58±0.38%, 78.00±0.71%, 7.42±0.38% in group B; 14.34±0.83%, 78.56±0.52%, 7.30±0.50% in group C; 14.08±1.23%, 78.80±1.10%, 7.10±0.22% in group D respectively. The mean volume of the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of the left adrenal cortex were found 14.66±0.34%, 78.84±0.82%, 7.72±0.48% in group A; 14.62±0.30%, 78.54±0.84%, 7.58±0.43% in group B; 14.90±0.96%, 79.20±0.45%, 7.34±0.42% in group C; 14.70±1.25%, 79.40±0.55%, 7.30±0.35% in group D respectively. Conclusion: No difference was found statistically significant in the percentage volume of the three zones of the adrenal cortex with advancing age in Bangladeshi people.
Résumé
Background: The accessory pancreatic duct enters the duodenum at the minor duodenal papilla, developmentally draining the dorsal pancreatic bud; however, it is smaller and less constant than the main pancreatic duct and undergoes varying degrees of atrophy at the duodenal end. Objective: The objective of this study was to see the variations in course, opening and communication pattern of the accessory pancreatic duct in different age-groups in a Bangladeshi population. Methods: This crosssectional, descriptive study was done was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from August 2005 to December 2006, based on collection and dissection of 75 postmortem male human pancreas. The collected samples were divided into seven age groups: 10-19 years, 20-29 years,30-39 years, 40-49 years, 50-59 years),60-69 years and(eˆ70 years. However, 65 samples were taken for final observation. Results: The accessory pancreatic duct was found in 27.69% specimens. Straight course was found in 50% specimen, while spindle course in 27.78% and cudgel course in 22.22% specimens were observed. In only 4 (6.15%) specimens, the accessory pancreatic duct communicates with the common bile duct, while in 11 (16.93%) specimens, the accessory pancreatic duct communicates with the main pancreatic duct. 12 (66.67%) accessory pancreatic ducts opened into the minor duodenal papilla, while 5 (27.78%) into the major duodenal papilla and 1 (5.55%) into the 3rd duodenal papilla. Conclusion: Several variations were observed in accessory pancreatic duct pattern in terms of their course, opening and communications. However, no significant differences were evident in any parameter among the age groups. Here, females were excluded due to less availability of the female cadaveric pancreas during study period.
Résumé
Background: Controversies still prevail on glomerular changes of kidney whether due to normal aging or its association with diseases. Objective: The aim of the present study was to see the variation in number and size of the glomeruli of kidney with increasing age in a Bangladeshi population based on autopsy. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from July 2008 to June 2009, based on collection of 140 post mortem human kidneys collected from 70 unclaimed dead bodies from the morgue. All the samples were divided into three age-groups: 10-19 years, 20-39 years and 40-59 years. Histological slides were prepared by using routine Harris’ Haematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) stain. The number of glomeruli was measured by point counting technique, while the size (diameter) was measured by using ocular and stage micrometer. Results: The mean ± SE number of glomeruli per sq. mm found in the right and left kidney were 8.45±0.52 and 8.67±0.80 in group 10-19 years, 9.90±0.42 and 9.92±0.47 in 20-39 years, and 8.52±0.18 and 8.55±0.16 in 40-59 years respectively. Besides, the size (mean ± SE diameter) of glomeruli was found in the right and left kidney were 43.96±3.01ìm and 143.92±2.90ìm in group 10-19 years, 153.69±5.18ìm and 153.61±5.24ìm in 20-39 years, and 140.48±0.95ìm and 140.78±0.88ìm in 40-59 years respectively. Conclusion: No difference was found in number and size of glomeruli between right and left kidney in any group. Similarly, no difference was also evident among different age groups.
Résumé
Background: The accurate assessment of size and number of ovarian follicles are paramount to understanding the physiology of female reproduction. Objective: To observe the variation in size of the Graafian follicle and follicular number with age in Bangladeshi women. Methods: This descriptive type of study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from January to December 2009, on 140 post mortem human ovaries collected from 70 unclaimed female dead bodies from the morgue of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age-groups including group A (10-13 years), group B (14-45 years) and group C (46-52 years). 10 best prepared histological slides from 14-45 years age group were examined to determine the average size of Graafian follicle and 20 slides from each group were taken to determine the number of follicles. Results: The average diameter of the Graafian follicles of the right is slightly higher than that of the left ovary but not statistically significant (p>0.05). No difference was found in follicular number in between the right and the left ovaries at any age group. However, the difference in number of the follicles of the ovary were statistically significant in between age groups A & C and B & C (p<0.001). Conclusion: The average diameter of Graafian follicle was found greater in the right ovary than the left ovary. However, the number of ovarian follicles was found to decrease in old age.
Résumé
Abstract: Dissection of dead body is a time honoured part of medical education. Undergraduate and postgraduate students do dissection as a part of the learning human anatomy. According to the state regulations, most of the cadavers are obtained from the forensic mortuary declared as ‘unclaimed body’. Some are collected through ‘body donation’ as well. However, use of human tissue for research and the use of human cadavers for teaching and training purposes are surrounded by ethical uncertainties. Moreover, the main ethical concern of cadaver dissection lies in respect to human life. This writing has been aimed to put a nominal guideline how to act in an ethical way in cadaver dissection by the medical students in medical colleges and pave the way for better understanding how to respond in an ethical manner in medical professional life. Some rules and regulations have been recommended for maintaining the highest standard of a dissection hall as well as the dignity of the cadavers.
Résumé
A prospective study was conducted on 400 cases having clinical manifestation of cutaneous tuberculosis from 1992 to 2001 in the department of Dermatology and Venereology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), formerly Institute of Postgraduate Medicine and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination. Among 400 cases, 260 (65%) were males and 140 (35%) were females with a male to female ratio 1.86:1. Age ranged from 10 to 70 years. Majority of the cases 200 (50%) were diagnosed as Tuberculosis verucosa cuties, 160 cases (40%) and 40 cases (10%) were diagnosed as Lupus vulgaris and Scrofuloderma respectively. All patients received combined antitubercular therapy.