Metabotropic Effect of Probiotic Supplementation and High-Intensity Interval Training in Menopause-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats

Objectives@#This study aimed to investigate the interactive effect of supplementation with a native potential probiotic lactobacillus and 8-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in a menopause-induced metabolic syndrome. @*Methods@#A total of 40 ovariectomized (OVX) Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control (OVX + Vehicle), exercise (EXE) (OVX + Exe), probiotic (Prob) (OVX + Prob), exercise and probiotic (OVX + Exe + Prob), and sham surgery. After the end of the treatment interventions, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), visceral fat, and serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, lipid profile, and adiponectin were measured using colorimetric analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. @*Results@#Data revealed a significant decrease in weight, waist circumference , visceral fat, BMI, and levels of glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, triacylglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), but an increase in high-density lipoprotein and adiponectin levels (P = 0.001), in OVX + Exe + Prob compared with the OVX + Vehicle group. @*Conclusions@#The present study indicates that native probiotic lactobacillus combined with HIIT effectively reduces body weight, visceral fat, and levels of LDL, glucose, and insulin and increases adiponectin level, although exercise contributes more to fat reduction and probiotics to insulin resistance.

[ effect of different doses of vitamin D supplementation on insulin resistance in ovariectomized rats]

Background and Aim: Type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM] and vitamin D deficiency are both too common during menopause. Since the effect of different doses of vitamin D supplements on blood sugar, insulin concentration and insulin resistance are unknown, the present study aimed at investigating the effects of different doses of the vitamin D supplements on visceral fat, blood sugar, insulin concentration, and insulin resistance in ovariectomized rats

Materials and Methods: In this randomized experimental study, 32 female Wistar rats were divided into 4 equal groups as follows: three groups. that received vitamin D supplements [high, moderate, and low dose] and one control group. After 8 weeks of different doses of vitamin D supplementation plasma concentration of glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR were measured in the three groups. The obtained data was statistically analyzed by means of dependent t-test and ANOVA . at the significance level of P<0.05

Results: After a period of eight-week intervention, body weight, BMI, waist circumference, visceral fat, insulin, blood glucose and HOMA-IR at high, moderate, and low doses of vitamin D supplementation were significantly lower than those in the control group [P<0.05]. High dose of vitamin D compared with moderate and low doses significantly caused reduction in insulin, blood glucose, and HOMA-IR [P<0.001 for all three variables]

Conclusion: The findings of the current study showed that a high dose of vitamin D causes significant improvements in FPG, insulin, and insulin resistance evaluated by HOMA-IR. It was also found that adding vitamin D supplements can improve glucose control in menopause model of rats

Lipocalin-2: response to a progressive treadmill protocol in obese and normal-weight men

Lipocallin-2 [Lcn2], a newer adipocyte-secreted acute phase protein, was recently reported to be correlated with potential effects on obesity and inflammation. The reaction of this protein to progressive exercise has not been evaluated yet. This study was designed to compare the serum Lcn2 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP] levels after participating in an acute bout of treadmill protocol in obese and normal-weight men. Nine obese [aged: 43.2 +/- 4.6 yrs and body mass index [BMI]: 31.4 +/- 1.6 kg/m[2]] and 9 normal-weight [aged: 42.9 +/- 4.4 yr and BMI: 23.03 +/- 1.7 kg/m[2]; mean +/- SD] sedentary men selected randomly from volunteers performed a single bout of exercise according to the treadmill Bruce protocol. Before the exercise, Lcn2 level was higher in obese than normal-weight individuals [P<0.05]. A significant increase in Lcn2, hs-CRP, white blood cells [WBC] and insulin resistance index was observed after the exercise in both groups [P<0.05]. The level of Lcn2, hs-CRP and WBC increase was more significant in obese individuals than normal-weight subjects after the exercise [P<0.05]. It seems that the levels of Lcn2 and other inflammatory markers elevated in obese and normal-weight men after participating in an exhaustive progressive exercise. These changes in obese men were considerable