Résumé
Introduction and Aims: breakfast is the most important meal that plays an important role in adolescents' health. Eating breakfast caused to increasing the diet quality and preventing chronic diseases. This study examines not having breakfast and some related demographic factors in 14-18 years old adolescents of Sanandaj
Materials and Methods: in this study, 553, 14-18 years old students of Sanandaj's high schools were selected randomly. Providing a checklist, demographic and anthropometric information of all participant were collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.16 software, Chi-square test and t-test
Results: 41 [7.5%] of teens didn't have eat breakfast, and 59 [10.7%] had breakfast one or two days a week. Breakfast consumption was significantly higher in boys than girls [P < 0.001]. The results showed that the level of parental education was correlated with eating breakfast by adolescents [P < 0.05]. There was no significant relationship between body mass index in adolescents with eating breakfast [P = 0.16]. Breakfast consumption declined with age in adolescents [P < 0.003]
Conclusion: breakfast consumption in adolescents is influenced by demographic factors. Parents' high level of education, as well as higher employment levels influences the perseverance of having breakfast in adolescents during the week. Thus, parents play a decisive role in habits formation of eating breakfast in their teens
Résumé
Smoking is a worldwide health problem. Despite recent efforts to reduce the rate of smoking, adolescent smoking still remains a significant public health concern. Current study was conducted to determine the effects of socio-environmental and personal factors on the smoking among adolescents. In the first stage of a longitudinal study of smoking in adolescents, 1785 students in Tabriz city were randomly selected. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information about demographic characteristics and self-esteem of the subjects and their attitude towards smoking. Information was also gathered about the smoking habits of the subjects, their families and friends. The association of different variables with smoking was evaluated by a logistic regression model and Chi square test using SPSS. Mean age of the subjects was 16.3 +/- 0.87 years. 77.4% of them reported that they never smoked. 18.2% had experimented the cigarette smoking at least once. But 4.4% said that they were regular smokers. Having a smoker family member [OR=1.40] or a smoker friend [OR=3.43] and a positive attitude toward smoking [OR=1.23] were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of smoking. An educational program aimed at changing the attitude towards smoking may be a successful primary prevention method