Variant Omohyoid Muscle: Report of Two Cases.

Omohyoid muscle consists of superior and inferior bellies connected by an intermediate tendon. Various anomalies of superior belly of omohyoid are described in literature. However, absence of superior belly of omohyoid is rarely reported. During regular head and neck dissection conducted for dental students at M S Ramaiah Medical College, variant omohyoid muscle were found in two male cadavers of south Indian origin. The variation noticed was unilateral in both the cases with normal inferior belly of omohyoid. In these cases the absent superior belly of omohyoid, is replaced by a fibrous tendon. Surgeons should be aware of this variation as it forms an important landmark for head and neck surgeries. It is also used as myocutaneous flaps for various reconstruction procedures.

Control of Seed Borne Fungi in Green Gram and Black Gram Through Bioagents.

Test the efficacy of fungal and bacterial antagonistic formulations were controlling the seed borne fungi in seed samples of green gram and black gram collected from Pulse Research Unit, Akola were used for laboratory test. Seed treatment with talc based formulation of Trichoderma viride at 4 g/kg, Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10 g/kg and Bacillus subtilis at 10g/kg bio agents were tested for their efficacy against seed-borne mycoflora to improve seed germination and also recorded significantly incidence of seed borne fungi. Among this three bio agents T. viride was found superior in controlling the seed borne mycoflora (86.90%, 88.00%) and also maximum seed germination was observed in T. viride (67.60%, 71.00%), shoot length (8.91cm, 11.5cm), root length (7.10cm,9.15cm) and seedling vigour index (1119,1466) in green gram and black gram respectively.

Efficacy of Bioagents Against Seed Borne Fungi of Rice.

The effect of different antagonist ’ viz. Trichoderma viride Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus substilis were evaluated against different seed borne fungi of rice by dual culture technique. Among three bio agents Trichoderma viride (42.59 to 73.33%) followed by Bacillus subtilis and Psuedomonas fluorescens over control. Significant suppression of radial mycelial growth of Drechslera oryzae by Trichoderma viride, and Trichoderma harzianum in dual culture and Inhibition of Curvularia lunata causing black kernel in rice with Bacillus subtilis (97.77%) followed by Trichoderma viride (96.44%) and Trichoderma harzianum (93.50%) in dual culture method.

Efficacy of Bioagents Against Seed Borne Fungi of Black Gram.

The effect of different antagonists’ viz. Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis were evaluated against different seed borne fungi of black gram by dual culture technique. Among three bioagents, Bacillus subtilis exhibited maximum mycelial growth inhibition of Phoma medicaginis (73.70%), Fusarium solani (57.60%), Curvularia lunata (44.53%) followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens with Macrophomina phaseolina (62.41%) and Fusarium oxysporum (59.97%) respectively.

Crossed renal ectopia associated with malrotation of intestine- A rare case report.

Background: Kidneys and ureters demonstrate a wide range of anomalies due to its complex development. One such anomaly would be the crossed renal ectopia which is fusion of both kidneys on to one side and malpositioned at the pelvis. The occurrence of these anomalies, though rare, is due to multifactorial reasons. The renal anomaly was observed in a formalin fixed adult cadaver during the undergraduate medical dissection. The abdominal cavity, on opening, revealed malrotation of the gut with the large intestine on the left side and the small intestinal loops on the right side. The left renal fossa was empty due to fusion of the left kidney with the right kidney forming a lump kidney. The ureter of the left kidney was draining in to its normal position into the urinary bladder. The position of the lump kidney was in the right iliac fossa. It was having arterial feeders from the abdominal aorta and the common iliac arteries and was draining into the inferior vena cava and the right common iliac veins by 5 renal veins. Crossed renal ectopia rarely may be associated with malrotation of the gut. Awareness of such anomalies could be due to incidental finding and helps the surgeons and radiologists in their diagnosis and planning and preventing postoperative complications.