Objective assessment of meconium content in amniotic fluid

In the first part, a sample set of meconium and amniotic fluid solutions with concentrations of 15 percent, 10 percent, 7.5 percent, 5 percent, 3 percent and 1.5 percent was prepared by mixing fresh meconium with clear amniotic fluid. After centrifugation, meconiumcrit values were measured similar to haematocrit measurement. A graph was constructed from meconium concentration and respective meconiumcrit values. A linear relationship was found. In the second part meconiumcrit readings were measured from meconium-stained amniotic fluid obtained from women in labour. fetal and neonatal morbidity were increased significantly in cases where meconium level reached >10 percent. The cut-off level requiring tracheal intubation was found to be 15 percent. High meconiumcrit levels could alert the obstetrician to the possibility of neonatal morbidity and the need for intensive resuscitative measures.

Carcinoma Vulva (Five Years Analysis)

A 5 years study (1989-1993) of cases of Carcinoma vulva admitted to Central Women's Hospital was carried out to find (a) the clinico-epidemiologic features and (b) the association between clinical staging (FIGO) with the histological evidence of lymph node involvement. Objective (a) was achieved with preformed questionnaire and Objective (b) from clinical and pathological assessments. Out of 32 cases of Ca vulva, the modal age group on the study was 50 to 59 years and modal parity 7. Seven cases had medical disease and one had prior history of carcinoma cervix. The presenting features were growth or ulcer, pruritis vulva, leukoplakia, white discharge. Two cases were recurrent growths. According to FIGO staging, 3 belonged to stage (2), 21 to stage (3) and 8 to stage (4). There were no nodal desease in stage (2) cases. Stage (3) cases had 4.76 percent superficial nodal disease and no deep nodal disease. Stage (4) had 75 percent superficial and 25 percent deep nodal disease in 100 percent cases. Regarding histological spread in cases with palpable nodes, the positive predictive values were 25.9 percent with superficial inguinal enlargement, 40 percent with gland of Cloquet enlargement and O with external iliac node enlargement.