[Comparison of accuracy of knee MRI with intravenous injection of contrast material with intraarticular injection of contrast material in patients with knee lesions]

Accuracy of different methods of magnetic resonance imaging for detection of knee lesions is still questionable. This study was aimed to compare the accuracy of intraarticular contrast enhanced magnetic resonance arthrography and intravenous contrast enhanced magnetic resonance arthrography for detection of knee lesions. Twenty five patients who had knee lesions and candidated for diagnostic and treating arthroscopy were entered to the study. The intraarticular contrast enhanced MR and intravenous contrast enhanced MRI has been performed for them. The results of imaging has compared with findings of arthroscopy as a gold standard for calculation of each test sensitivityand specificity and the overall accuracy of each method. The calculated sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy for intraarticular contrast enhanced in respect for MM is 87%, 100%, 88% and LM 77%, 91%, 84% and ACL 84%, 100%, 88% and PCL 88%, 93%, 92% and about the intravenous contrast enhanced in respect for MM is 48%, 100%, 52% and LM 0%, 100%, 44% and ACL 84%, 100%, 88% and PCL 30%, 100%, 72%. Comparing of overall accuracy of 2 methods has shown that replacement of intravenous contrast enhanced MR for intraarticular contrast enhanced MR is just acceptable for ACL and PCL lesions [P=1.000, P=0.063]. We demonstrated that the overall accuracy of intravenous contrast enhanced MR for detecting of ACL and PCL lesions is comparable with intraarticular enhanced MR and both methods could be used as each other

[Case report: a 9-year-old boy with severe injuries following dog bites]

The reason why children are more prone to a dog bite is elusive. Some propose the theory that a young child who is playing can be interpreted as aggressive by the dog. However, the fact that in some reports children were killed by dogs while asleep proves that this theory does not hold in all cases. In this case, a 9-year-old boy was attacked by 8 different races of dogs escaping from a serologic research institute. At presentation, he was suffering from severe lacerations in head, neck, thorax and lower limbs. Unilateral neck abscess, cervical and mediastinal emphysema was detected in serial radiologic studies. To conclude, we can only draw attention to the fact that every year in the united states, 5% of all children between the ages of 5 and 9 years are bitten by dogs; Every year, 1 in 5 million dogs kills a child by biting; and there are currently 52 million dogs in the united states and 10 million in France. Something should be done to increase the awareness of public authorities and dig owners to this problem for which, unfortunately, preventive legislation seems to be advancing at a snail's pace

Ultrasonographic estimation of term birth weight in Iranian women: comparison of three formulae

The authors aimed to investigate the accuracy of three ultrasonic fetal biometric formulae [Campbell, Shepard, and Hadlock] for estimating term fetal weight. Ultrasonography was performed in 92 uncomplicated pregnancies. Fetal biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference, head circumference, and femur length were measured. Simple linear regression was used for evaluating the correlation between derived weights and each formula. The mean [SD] actual weight was 3251.5 [403.3] grams. The mean [SD] measured weights according to Campbell et al, Shepard et al, and Hadlock et al formulae were 3309.7 [411.1], 3246.7 [433.2], and 3323.1 [383.2] grams, respectively. R2 [R squares] of the Hadlock formula was the highest [0.77], followed by 0.75 for the Campbell formula and [0.68] for the Shepard. There was discrepancy between obtained results in comparison to other former reports from other countries and ethnicity is one of its reasons. We recommend that the Hadlock or Campbell formulas are the formulas of choice in the calculation of fetal weight in Iranian population

[Sonographic Evaluation of the abortion-Induced Curettages in Imam Hossien Medical Center during 1380-1383]

Pregnancies ended in abortion are among the most common causes of visits to Gynecology clinics. Ultrasonography is an easy, accessible and cost-benefit modality to diagnos cases of abortions. It also differentiates abortion from other causes of first-trimester bleeding. It helps to select the best therapeutic approach particularly the necessity of performing curettage. A descriptive study was conducted on 159 patients presenting to Imam Hossien Medical Center during the years 1380 to 1383. Data were collected from files of patients which were sampled non-randomly. The mean age of patients was 28.1 [ +/- 5.1]. Abortion was mostly observed in patients between 20-30 years of age; Sixty nine percent of abortions were in weeks <12, and 31% were in weeks 12-20; Most patients [37.7%] had gravid 1. The most common sign was spotting; Mean pregnancy duration was 10 [ +/- 2.2] weeks. Incomplete abortion was the most common form. 11 cases of Hydatidiform mole were found, one resulted in Choriocarcinoma. Subchorionic hemorrhage was seen in 87% of patients in the weeks between 10-20. Live fetuses were seen in 10 cases in which the presence of heart beat indicated continuing of pregnancy in 90% of cases. According to the prevalence of Incomplete Abortions in this study, sonographic findings were important in performing curettage. The difference between age of occurrence of Hydatidiform mole from that in the literature and the role of subchorionic hemorrhage in cases ended in abortion is recommended to reevaluate in the future studies

[Normal values of mucosal thickness of bladder]

Background: Mucosal thickness of bladder increases following to the UTI, chemotherapy, neurogenic bladder, posterior urethral valve, stone and inflammation. Due to the importance of normal values of mucosal thickness and existing controversies, this study was performed on normal population visiting medical centers affiliated to Shahid Beheshti Medical University

Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study on 212 normal adult individuals. The studied group included all patients underwent ultrasonography. Not due to urinary problems such as abdomen pain, probable anomalies and routine check-up. All those didn't have predisposing factors on increase of mucosal thickness. The probe was 3.5-5 MHZ. The thickness was measured sagitally and cross-sectionally from posterior-lateral trigone. Age, sex and fullness of the bladder were determined as influencing factors on bladder thickness

Results: The range of age was 12 to 70. 78% were female and 22% male. The thickness of full bladder was 2.57+/0.57 mm with the range of 1.41 to 3.65 mm and the thickness of empty bladder was 5.48 +/- 0.12 mm with the range of 7.10 to 3.86 mm

Conclusions: The thickness of bladder was reported to be 2-3 mm in one reference and 4-6 mm in another. The previous findings are compatible to some extent with those from our study for full bladder but nothing mentioned for empty bladder

Normal values of mucosal thickness of bladder

Mucosal thickness of bladder increases following to the UTI, chemotherapy, neurogenic bladder, posterior urethral valve, stone and inflammation. Due to the importance of normal values of mucosal thickness and existing controversies, this study was performed on normal population visiting medical centers affiliated to Shahid Beheshti Medical University. This was a cross-sectional study on 212 normal adult individuals. The studied group included all patients underwent ultrasonography. Not due to urinary problems such as abdomen pain, probable anomalies and routine check-up. All those didn't have predisposing factors on increase of mucosal thickness. The probe was 3.5-5 MHZ. The thickness was measured sagitally and cross-sectionally from posterior-lateral trigone. Age, sex and fullness of the bladder were determined as influencing factors on bladder thickness. The range of age was 12 to 70. 78% were female and 22% male. The thickness of full bladder was 2.57 +/- 0.57 mm with the range of 1.41 to 3.65 mm and the thickness of empty bladder was 5.48 +/- 0.12 mm with the range of 7.10 to 3.86 mm. The thickness of bladder was reported to be 2-3 mm in one reference and 4-6 mm in another. The previous findings are compatible to some extent with those from our study for full bladder but nothing mentioned for empty bladder

Is aminiotic membrane index of Iranian pregnant women compatible with standard references?

Aminiotic fluid volume is an important parameter for evaluation of fetal health. In this regard, american refrences are used. The objective of this study is to determine if the standard index are compatible with those in iranian pregnant women. This was a descriptive study which included pregnant women between 20 to 42 of gestational weeks that sought medical advice in medical centers affliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. To determine the aminiotic index, the standard method was applied. Then, the results were classified according to gestational weeks. Standard values of 5% to 95% were analyzed and assessed to determine if the aminiotic fluid index changes with gestational weeks. Then, the changes were analyzed with ANOVA and the compatibility of 5 and 95 values was obtained and compared with standard index with sign test. It was performed on 498 pregnant women with the mean age of 25.7 +/- 6.2 in whom the mean of gestational weeks was 31.4. It was proven that the measured aminiotic index in Iranian pregnant women differs with standard values. The minimum was in week 20th [12.13 +/- 1.61] and the maximum was in week 27th [14.67 +/- 1.22] with P-value less than 0.0001. Additionally 5% and 95% values of index of gestational weeks was different. This study demonstrates that the aminiotic index in Iranian pregnant women was not compatible with standard values. A comprehensive study to identify standard values for Iranian society is suggested

Normal values of the diameter of potal vein and its major right and left branches

Regarding to the importance of the portal vein diameter and inadequate knowledge of it in our county and due to determining its normal values, this survey was performed in patient visiting Loghman Hakim medical center within 1383. The portal vein diameter was measured using ultrasonography [Aloka Japan] which has a phased array convex 3.5 MHz, and was compared according to sex standard values in main text books and articles. The portal diameter vein was 9.56 +/- 1.71, major right branch was 6.44 +/- 0.89 and major left branch was 5.61 +/- 0.87. The obtained values for all three variables were more in males than females [P<0.0001]. It seems that normal values obtained for males were different with standard values, whereas obtained values and standard values were cmpatible in females

[Is amionitic membrane index of Iranian pregnant women compatible with standard references?]

Background: Amionitic fluid volume is an important parameter for evaluation of fetal health. In this regard, american references is used. The objective of this study is to determine if the standard index are compatible with those in tranian pregnant women

Materials and methods: This was a descriptive study which included pregnant women between 20 to 42 of gestational weeks, that sought medical advice in medical centers affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. To determine the ameniotic index, the standard method was applied. Then, the results were classified according to gestational weeks. Standard values of 5% to 95% were analyzed and assessed to determine if the ameniotic fluid index changes with gestational weeks. Then, the changes were analyzed with ANOVA and the compatibility of 5 and 95 values was obtained and compared with standard index with sign test

Results: It was performed on 498 pregnant women with the mean age of 25.7+/-6.2 in whom the mean of gestational weeks was 31.4. It was proven that the measured amionitic index in. Iranian pregnant women differs with standard values. The minimum was in week 20th [12.13+/-1.61] and the maximum was in week 27th [14.67+/-1.22] with P-value less than 0.0001. Additionally, 5% and 95% values of index of gestational weeks was different

Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the amionitic index in Iranian pregnant women was not compatible with standard values. A comprehensive study to identify standard values for Iranian society is suggested

[Normal values of the diameter of portal vein and its major right and left branches]

Background: Regarding to the importance of the portal vein diameter and inadequate knowledge of it in our county and due to determining its normal values, this survey was performed in patient visiting Loghman Hakim medical center within 1383

Materials and methods: The portal vein diameter was measured using ultrasonography [Aloka Japan I] which has a phased array convex 3.5 MHz, and was compared according to sex standard values in main text books and articles

Results: The portal diameter vein was 9.56+/-1.71, major right brach was 6.44+/- 0.89 and major left branch was 5.61+/-0.87. The obtained values for all three variables were more in males than females [P<0.0001]

Conclusions: It seems that normal values obtained for males were different with standard values, whereas obtained values and standard values were cmpatible in females