Diversity of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora T.) Varieties under Open Field Condition in Prayagraj

The field experiment entitled “Varietal evaluation of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora T.) under open field condition in Prayagraj” was carried out during September 2022 to January 2023, in Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agriculture Institute, SHUATS. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The experiment comprised of fifteen varieties of chrysanthemum viz. Kanadee, Flood, Winter Queen, Basanti, White Bonsai, Local Yellow, Ravi Kiran, Button Type, Rani, UBC 12, Wall Street, Bidhan Rajat, Bidhan Antara, British gold and Vijay. It is clear from the experimental analysis that all characters were significantly affected by different varietal treatments. From the experimental findings, it was found that maximum height was found in the variety Bidhan Antara (40.79 cm),plant spread (30.55 cm), primary branches (6), whereas earliness in flowering was found in the variety Bidhan Rajat, flower yield per plant (176.76 g) was found maximum in the variety Bidhan Rajat, average flower weight was recorded more in the variety Rani (7.19 g),duration of flowering (71.2 days) and benefit-cost ratio(4.32:1) was found maximum in the variety Bidhan Rajat.

Performance of Ridge Gourd Genotype under Prayagraj Agro Climatic Conditions

Ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) is a popular warm-season vegetable that may be grown commercially from seeds. It has a high water and nutrient content, as well as protein, fat, carbs, minerals, and vitamins. Ridge gourd blooms are hermaphrodite, andromonoecious, and gynoecious. The gelatinous chemical Luffein is found in the genus Luffa, which is derived from the word 'loofah', which is utilised in bathing sponges, scrubbing pads, doormats, and pillows. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out at the Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh during the Kharif season 2022-2023 to check performance of different genotypes of ridge gourd under Prayagraj agro climatic conditions. The experiment was laid in Randomized block design with 9 genotypes and 3 replications. Genotypes were comprised of H1 (AVT-II 2019/RIGHYB-1), H2 (AVT-II 2019/RIGHYB-2), H3 (AVT-II 2019/RIGHYB-3), H4 (AVT-II 2019/RIGHYB-4), H5 (AVT-II 2019/RIGHYB-5), H6 (AVT-II 2019/RIGHYB-6), H7 (AVT-II 2019/RIGHYB-7), H8 (GREEN INDIA-8) and H9 (JAIPURI LONG-9). From the experimental finding it was concluded that the genotype AVT-II 2019/RIGHYB-7 performed best in terms of growth parameters like vine length (269.93 cm), earliness in maturity (59.33 days for first fruit picking) and yield parameters like fruit length (25.23 cm), fruit girth (6.56 cm), and fruit yield per plot (1422.21 g/plot). AVT-II 2019/RIGHYB-7 showed best performance for quality parameters also TSS (4.23°Brix) and Vitamin C content (2.05 mg/100g).

Response of NPK and Organic Manures on Growth, and Root, Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) cv. Nantes

A trial was conducted at the Horticulture Research Farm (HRF), Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh during winter 2022 to study the “Response of NPK and Organic Manures on Growth and Root, Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) cv. Nantes”. Results revealed that treatment T2 100% NPK emerged as superior over all other treatment combination in terms of Plant height 59.05 cm, Fresh weight of leaves per plant 137.18, Root yield per plot 4.30 kg, Yield 426.40 quintal/ha-1 T3 75%NPK + FYM number of leaves 19.88,T5 75% NPK + PM Fresh weight of plant 132.04 gm, Length of root 23.75 cm, Diameter of root 5.13 cm T7 50% NPK + VC 116.98 gm Showed higher B:C ratio (5.67) compared with the other treatments under Prayagraj Argo-Climatic conditions.

Effect of Organic Manure and Bio Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Quality in Cabbage

The Department of Horticulture at the Naini Agricultural Institute Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj (UP) conducted an experiment in 2022 to investigate the "Effect of organic manures and biofertilizers on growth, yield, and quality in cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L. Var. capitata)". There were ten treatments totaling various amounts of organic manure and bio-fertilizer, with water serving as the control. At 20, 40, and 60 days after transplantation, the treatment is sprayed. The plot size was kept at 2 m × 1.5 m, and each treatment was reproduced three times in a randomized block design. The best results were achieved with treatment T6 (Farm Yard Manure @20t/ha + Bio-Fertilizer (Azotobacter + PSB) each @5kg/ha). The maximum plant height (24.33 cm), the plant's spread (68.59), the number of leaves per plant (13.67), the average head weight (1.93 kg), the head's compactness (5.56 Kg/inch), the yield per plot (6.93 kg), the yield per hectare (71.60 t/ha), the TSS (5.9 Brix), and the amount of ascorbic acid per 100g.Under T6, the gross return (Rs 221430/ha), net profit (Rs 172530/ha), and B:C ratio (4.52) were all much greater. Overall results revealed that the application of FYM @20t/ha + Biofertilizer @5kg/ha proved to be better for different growth, yield and quality traits in cabbage.

Response of Different Level of Zinc and Boron on Growth, Flowering, Yield and Quality of Cherry Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) cv. ‘Pusa Cherry-1’

This study investigates the effect of Zinc and Boron on the growth, yield, and quality of Cherry tomatoes. [Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (Alef.) Fosberg] cv. ‘Pusa Cherry-1’ in Prayagraj, India.The purpose of the study is to evaluate the plants in terms of various parameters such as plant height, number of branches, plant spread, days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, days to fruit setting, days to fruit picking, number of flowers per cluster, number of fruit set per cluster, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, total soluble solids (TSS), ascorbic acid, acidity and benefit-cost ratio. The nine treatments applied in the study include control, Zinc at different concentrations (50 ppm and 100 ppm), and Boron at different concentrations (50 ppm and 100 ppm). The results of the study indicate that the application of Zinc and Boron significantly improved the growth and yield of Cherry tomatoes. The highest fruit yield, fruit weight, TSS, and ascorbic acid content were observed in the plants treated with Zinc at a concentration of 100ppm added Boron at a concentration of 100ppm. The benefit-cost ratio was also found to be higher in the treated plants compared to the control. Overall, the study suggests that the application of Zinc and Boron can be an effective and sustainable method for enhancing the growth, yield, and quality of Cherry Tomatoes.

Studies on Heterosis for Fruit Yield, Quality and ToLCV Resistant in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Aims: The current study was designed to investigate the nature and extent of heterosis for marketable fruit output, quality attributes, and resistance to tomato leaf curl virus.Study Design: Statistical Randomized Block Design.Place and Duration of Study: The current study was conducted in Horticulture Research Field at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences at Prayagraj U.P. India during Rabi, 2016–17.Methodology: The experimental included three testers and thirteen lines During Rabi, 2016–17, out of these, ten lines (female parents) were crossed with every three testers (male parents). The resulting 30 F1s were assessed for yield, fruit quality, and leaf curl virus resistance. To gather data, five plants from each replication were randomly tagged in each entry and analysis of variance was performed. Heterosis over better parent (BP) was calculated by treating each feature using the approach proposed by Hayes et al. [1]. The studied data were statically analyzed using the Indostat software Hyderabad program.Results: The standard heterosis for fruit yield ranged from -67.19 to 29.70% Check (Kashi Abhiman). Five crosses viz., Arka Abha x Kashi Aman, Arka Abha x Kashi Vishesh, Pant T-7 x Kashi Vishesh, S-22 x H-88-78-5 and Pant T-7 x Kashi Aman were exhibited sufficient amount of significant and positive heterosis for fruit yield over standard check. The hybrids Azad T-5 x Kashi Aman and Pant T-7 x Kashi Aman exhibited low incidence with negative heterosis for the ToLCV incidence and severity.Conclusion: Commercialization of hybrid vigor in tomato (Solanum lycopersium L.) has gained prominence due to various advantages of hybrids over pure line varieties, including higher marketable fruit output, component characteristics, and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. According to data presented in the study it is concluded that hybrid vigour can obtain by crossing of parents having desirable characters in tomato.

Evaluation of Different Hybrids of Chilli in Prayagraj Agro-Climatic Condition

The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of different hybrids of chilli in prayagraj agro-climatic condition” was conducted from July 2022- January 2023. The experiment was laid out in a Randomised Block Design with 3 replications and 10 hybrids viz., LHC-Diya, LHC-4010, Beauty, NS-1101, Deva, NS-1701 DG, VNR-305, Chushul, Pushkar, Sonali. Experiment was done to understand the plant growth, fruit yield, quality and economics of Chilli using different hybrids under Allahabad agro-climatic conditions at the experimental field of the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute (NAI), Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. From the above experimental findings it is concluded that, all the characters viz., growth parameters, earliness parameters, yield parameters and qualitative parameters varied significantly. Further, while studying the plant height (F1-Sonali) was found best, highest number of branches, maximum average fruit weight and maximum ascorbic acid was found in (F1-NS-1701 DG), days to first flowering and days to 50% flowering was found minimum in (F1- Pushkar), maximum number of fruits per plant, maximum fruit length and fruit girth was found in (F1- VNR-305), highest yield per plant, highest yield per hectare and highest profit and maximum benefit cost ratio were found in (F1-NS-1101), maximum TSS was found in (F1- Beauty).

Evaluation of Different Varieties of Sponge Gourd under Prayagraj Agro Climatic Conditions

The present investigation was carried out at the department of horticulture, Naini Agricultural institute Sam Higginbottom university of Agricultural Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh during Zaid season-2021-2022 with a view to check Evaluation of different varieties of sponge gourd under Prayagraj Agro climatic conditions The experiment was laid in Randomized block design with 9 varieties and 3 replications for sponge gourd varietal evaluation. Varieties comprised of V1 (AVT2020/SPGVAR-1), V2 (AVT2020/SPGVAR-2), V3 (AVT2020/SPGVAR-3), V4 (AVT2020/SPGVAR-4), V5 (AVT2020/SPGVAR -5), V6 (AVT2020/SPGVAR -6), V7 (AVT2020 /SPGVAR-7), V8 (SUMAN) and V9 (PUSA CHAKNI). Among the various vartieties it was concluded that the variety AVT2020/SPGVAR-6 performed best in terms of growth parameters like vine length (396.86 cm), earliness in maturity (55.95 days for first fruit picking) and yield parameters like fruit length (28.56 cm), fruit diameter (3.71 cm), and fruit yield per hectare (12.64 t/ha). AVT2020/ SPGVAR-6 showed best performance for quality parameters also TSS (4.23°Brix) and Ascorbic acid content (10.66 mg/100g).

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Cherry Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme)

A cherry tomato is a small-sized tomato variety known for its round shape and sweet flavor. Therefore, at the Department of Horticulture at Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, an investigation titled "Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Cherry Tomato" was conducted during the Rabi-2022-23 season to assess the impact of plant growth regulators on the growth, quality, and yield of Pusa Cherry 1 tomatoes, as well as analyze the economic aspects of different treatments. Ten treatments were employed, including control with different concentrations of growth regulators (GA3 and Auxin) and Kinetin. The study found that using plant growth regulators had a significantly positive effect on cherry tomatoes for all traits. Among the treatments tested, T3(GA3 @ 75 ppm) showed the most favourable results in terms of plant height, number of primary branches, early flowering and maturing. T3 also demonstrated superior performance in terms of fruit weight, the maximum number of fruits per plant, and yield per plant.

Effect of Different Organic Manure and Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Quality of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

The experimentation entitled Effect of different organic manure and inorganic fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) during kharif (Rainy) season at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, and PRAYAGRAJ (UP) during 2022. Due to the heavy application of chemical and fertilizer, land and water bodies are getting polluted So, to reduce the degradation of soil, we have used combination of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications and thirteen treatment combinations. F1 Hybrid Covi Plus was selected for this study. We have found that application of 75% NPK and 25% of vermicompost respectively gave highest yield (19.57 t/ha).

The Growth Characteristic of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Genotypes and Varieties Grown under Prayagraj Agro-climatic Conditions

The experiment was carried out at Horticulture Research Field, Department of Horticulture, during the year 2022. This experiment was conducted to find out the best performing genotypes in relation of growth, yield and quality of cucumber. Seven cucumber genotypes such as IET, 2021/CUCUVAR-1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and three check variety namely NAZIA,LHC-1395 and MALINI were studied at SHUATS, Prayagraj in randomized block design with three replications in 4.5 x 3.0 m plot during summer season 2022 to find out the best performing genotype in related to growth, yield and fruit quality traits. NAZIA was found with the maximum fruit weight (247.67g), Fruit length (18.37cm), Fruit yield per plot (43.64 kg), Fruit yield (326.40 q/ha). NAZIA was found superior based on overall performance in term of growth, yield and quality and highest net return (3,33,718 Rs/ha). The highest cost benefit ratio (3.14) was found in cucumber NAZIA variety.

Evaluation of Different Genotypes of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) for Growth and Pod Yield in Prayagraj Agro-climatic Conditions

This experiment was conducted at a Horticulture research farm in the year 2021. Nine genotypes of cowpea were procured from IIVR, Varanasi viz AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-1, AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-2, AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-3, AVT 2021/ COPBVAR-4, AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-5, AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-6, AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-7, GOMATI, KASHI KANCHAN. The experiment was laid in simple RBD with thrice replications. The observations were recorded on different traits. AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-6, was found to be the best variety over all other varieties in terms of earliness viz days to first flowering (33.33 days) and days to 50% flowering (38.67 days), AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-5 was found to be the best variety over all other varieties in terms of yield parameters viz. yield per plant (168.03g) and yield were (9168.03 q/h).

Effect of Different Levels of Controlled Release Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Red Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Var Kashi Lalima under Prayagraj Agro-climatic Condition

About 40-70% of conventional fertilizer is wasted due to leaching causing environmental issues. Controlled release fertilizers provide a promising solution as they gradually release nutrients to match the crop's nutrient requirements, improving nutrient uptake efficiency and reducing nutrient losses. The Experiment was carried out During March To June 2021-22, using a randomized block design with three replications and eight treatments, including a control using the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF). The statistical analysis of the variance showed that the use of CRF had a significant effect on the growth, yield, and quality of red okra. Among the different levels of CRF used, treatment T7 (11g CRF/plant) performed the best in terms of growth parameters such as plant height and number of leaves. Treatment T2 (7g CRF/plant) was found to perform the best in terms of earliness parameters. Treatment T5 (9g CRF/plant) had the highest yield with 14.30 t/ha. Treatment T6 (10g CRF/plant) was found to be the best for quality parameters. The highest benefit-cost ratio was recorded in treatment T5 (9g CRF/plant) which is 4.7. From the present investigation, it is concluded that, CRF can be used efficiently for higher crop production.

Influences of Different Sowing Dates with Application of GA3 on Germination and Seedling Growth of Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) in Subtropical Condition Prayagraj

The present investigation was carried out to find influences of different sowing dates with application of GA3 on germination and seedling growth of Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) in subtropical condition Prayagraj. The experiment was conducted in a Complete Randomized Design with three replications during August-March (2022-23) at Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh India. The 10 treatments comprised of five dates of sowing i.e., T1: 20 August 2022 with seed treatment from GA3 @100ppm, T2: 20 August without seed treatment from GA3, T3: 5 September 2022 with seed treatment from GA3 @ 100 ppm, T₄: 5 September without seed treatment from GA3, T5: 20 September 2022 with seed treatment from GA3 @100ppm, T6: 20 September 2022 without seed treatment from GA3. T7: 5 October 2022 with seed treatment from GA3 @100ppm, T8: 5 October 2022 without seed treatment from GA3, T9: 20 October 2022 with seed treatment from GA3 @100ppm, T10: 20 October 2022 without seed treatment from GA3. From all the above treatments the highest percentage of germination was recorded from T7: 93.33% followed by T8: 90% and T10: 91.66% and vegetative growth of seedling was higher in T7 followed by T8 and T9. All the treatments are sown in nursery through seed propagation after that transplanted in main field level for observe germination parameters and vegetative growth of Cape gooseberry seedling influenced by different sowing dates.

Performance of Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria L.) Genotypes for Yield and Quality under Climatic Conditions of Prayagraj

An experiment on the “Performance of Bottle Gourd Genotypes i.e. (AVT-II/2019/BOGVAR-1, AVT-II/2019/BOGVAR-2, AVT-II/2019/BOGVAR-3, AVT-II/2019/BOGVA-4, AVT-II/2019/BOGVA-5, AVT-II/2019/BOGVAR-6 RITURAJ (CHECK), GREENINDIA (CHECK), NATIONAL AGRO (CHECK), SHANKAR (CHECK) for yield and quality under climatic conditions of prayagraj” was conducted during February to May, 2022, in field of Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. The experiment was conducted in Randomized block design, with three replications. The genotype AVT-II/2019/BOGVAR-6 recorded maximum number of female flowers (15.66), number of fruits/plant (8.88 fruits), average yield per plant (5.71 kg/plant), yield per hectare (342.44 q/ha).

Study on Genetic Parameters and Character Association in Ridge Gourd (Luffa acutangula Roxb.)

The experiment was carried out on Genetic variability and character association in eight genotypes of Ridge Gourd with three replications during summer season 2021-22 at the Research Field of Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India. The observations were recorded on various yield and yield contributing characters of ridge gourd. The results from the present investigation revealed that on the basis of Based on mean performance for fruit yield per plant (2.17 kg) and fruit yield (88.35 q/ha), genotypes IET 2021/RIGVAR-6 were considered suitable genotypes in Prayagraj climatic condition. Coefficient of variation revealed that high magnitude of GCV and PCV were recorded for Fruit yield/ ha (q) and Average fruit weight (g). The heritability estimates were found to be high (greater than 60%). The genetic advance and genetic advance as a percentage of mean estimates were found to be significant (more than 20%). Genotypic correlation coefficient analysis revealed that fruit yield /ha (kg) showed positive significant association with Fruit length (cm) (0.024**), Fruit diameter (cm) (0.971**), Number of fruit per plant (0.331**), Average fruit weight (g) (0.940**) at genotypic level. Whereas Phenotypic correlation coefficient analysis revealed that fruit yield /ha (kg) showed positive significant association with Fruit length (cm) (0.347**), Fruit diameter (cm) (0.999**), Number of fruit per plant (0.653**), Average fruit weight (g) (0.999**) at phenotypic level.