RÉSUMÉ
This multidisciplinary research presents a comprehensive method to tackle the widespread problem of spice adulteration, which represents substantial risks to both public health and spices authenticity. A comprehensive approach is developed to authenticate spices with high accuracy and efficiency by combining old methods with contemporary approaches such as machine learning and artificial intelligence. This paper presents a specific case study where machine learning models, specifically using transfer learning with proven frameworks like MobileNetV2, were effectively employed. The models achieved an impressive accuracy of 98.67% in identifying Capsicum annum, a spice that is usually adulterated in the market. In addition, a wide range of traditional and advanced techniques, including qualitative testing, microscopy, colorimetry, density measurement, and spectroscopy, are reviewed closely. In addition, this article provides a detailed explanation of high-performance liquid chromatography based quantitation of capsaicin, which is the main active constituent for ascertaining the quality of C. annum. The present work defines a new interdisciplinary approach and also provides valuable information on evaluating the quality of spices and identifying adulterants using artificial intelligence. The outcomes presented here have the potential to completely transform the methods used to verify the authenticity of spices and herbal drugs, therefore ensuring the safety and health of consumers by confirming the quality.
RÉSUMÉ
Objective:The aim of present study is to identify the breast cancer screening barriers among the women with breast cancer of Malwa region of Punjab,India.The study was conducted at three government hospitals representing almost all districts of Malwa region.Methods:The quantitative research design was followed using empirical research methods.Study was carried out by one-to-one interview by the field investigator and research assistant.Total of 363 breast cancer patient has been interviewed through the scheduled questionnaire and results has been recorded for further analysis.In this study,five barriers are described namely as personal barriers,socio-cultural barriers,economic barriers,health-system barriers,and treatment barriers which contains various questions regarding barriers to breast cancer screening.Univariate analysis methods have been used for the analysis to access the socio-demographic profile of women.Data has been obtained with the help of 5-point liker scale.Binary logistic model was chosen.Results:Majority of participants were in the age groups 50-＜60 years(38.6％,140/363)and≥60 years(31.1％,112/363).Majority of these women(47.4％,171/363)were illiterate and most of them were housewives.The major barriers to breast cancer screening faced by most of the women were having no knowledge about screening services(90.9％,329/363),the importance of early diagnosis(90.9％,329/363),different screening methods(95.5％,347/363)and place of availing screening services(91.2％,330/363)misguided belief in God and fate(81.5％,295/363)and preferring duties than taking care of health(70.2％,254/363).Education qualification(odds ratio[OR]0.74,β'=-0.309,t=-5.357,P=0.000)and socioeconomic class(OR 1.43,β'=0.354,t=3.399,P=0.001)were found to be significant determinant of the barriers among women.Conclusion:The survey was conducted in the women between the age 40-60 years and as an outcome,the unawareness about screening services,fatalistic attitude,fear of being diagnosed with the cancer,low per capita income was found out significant factors that restricted the women for early check-up for the breast cancer.