RÉSUMÉ
Background: Breastfeeding as a practice was recommended by World Health Organization. Breastfeeding devices are used to feed the expressed breastmilk to infants, it is one determinant which is linked with both favourable and unfavourable outcomes in exclusive breastfeeding practices among term and pre-term infants. Methods: This was a cross sectional, observational study carried at an urban health training centre. The study subjects were mother and their infants residing in the urban slum. Objectives of the research were to determine the proportion of exclusive breastfeeding, to find various breastfeeding devices used by mothers and the factors associated with it. A total of 230 mother-infant dyads were included in the study. Results: Majority of mothers belonged to 21-30-year age group, housewives (93%) and Hindu by religion (68%). Majority received education till secondary school (57%) and 3.5% were illiterate. Majority had their first child before they turned 30 and most of the infants were female (55%). Over 3/4th of the infants were being exclusively breastfed, initiated on breastfeeding within first hour of birth (41%) and 1/5th received pre-lacteal feed, Breastfeeding device use was noted in 15 participants (6.5%), in which majority were using spoon followed by bottle. Mothers using breastfeeding devices showed higher proportion of exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusions: Use of breastfeeding device showed association with mother’s occupation, lower age of mother at the time of marriage and first delivery while religion and parity of mothers were not significantly associated with it.
RÉSUMÉ
Background: Non-communicable diseases cause, more than 50% of deaths and cardiovascular diseases emerged as the most important cause of it. Hypertension affects about 1 billion people worldwide and it is estimated that by 2025, up to 1.58 billion adults while the comorbidity of depression, anxiety, and cardiovascular diseases is an important public health concern representing 31% of all deaths. Objectives were to study prevalence of depression among adult hypertensive study subjects and to assess the epidemiological determinants associated with depression among adult hypertensives. Methods: A single centre, cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 350 hypertensive adult of urban field practice area of teaching medical institute with 10 months period from May 2019 to March 2020. A semi-structured, pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection and 21 items self-reporting Becks Depression Inventory scale (BDI) was used for assessment of depression. The BDI score <10 denotes normal or no depression & the score >10 denotes depression. The data was analyzed using IBM SPSS software 16 trial version. The Chi-square test was used for test of significance. Results: Out of total of 350 study subjects, males were 100 and females were 250. Out of them, 151 had depression. The overall proportion of depression among study subjects was found to be 43.14%. Conclusions: In present study, proportion of depression among hypertensives was found to be high i.e. 43.14%. Lower socio-economic status, altered sleep pattern, addiction history, history of loneliness, low educational status more likely to have co-morbid depression.
RÉSUMÉ
Background: Iron deficiency is a leading cause of anemia in pregnancy. The standard treatment in majority of the institutions is oral iron, with blood transfusion reserved for severe or emergency cases. However, it is unreliable in the treatment of severe anemia. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous iron sucrose and oral iron administration for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy. Methods: Hundred women with gestational age between 30 and 34 weeks with established iron deficiency anaemia with hemoglobin between 6-8g/dL were randomized to receive either oral ferrous sulphate 200 mg thrice daily or required dose of intravenous iron sucrose 200 mg in 200 ml NS on alternate days. Hemoglobin was measured at recruitment and on 2nd week, 4th week and at 37 weeks. Adverse drug reactions were also noted in both the groups. Results were analyzed by student’s t-test and Chi-square test. Results: Haemoglobin values varied significantly with time between the two groups at second week, 4th week and at term (p<0.005). When compared to iron sucrose group, the oral iron group had significant gastro-intestinal adverse effects. Conclusions: Intravenous iron sucrose treated iron deficiency anaemia of pregnancy faster, and more effectively than oral iron therapy, with no serious adverse drug reactions.
RÉSUMÉ
Background: Iron deficiency is a leading cause of anemia in pregnancy. The standard treatment in majority of the institutions is oral iron, with blood transfusion reserved for severe or emergency cases. However, it is unreliable in the treatment of severe anemia. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous iron sucrose and oral iron administration for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy. Methods: Hundred women with gestational age between 30 and 34 weeks with established iron deficiency anaemia with hemoglobin between 6-8g/dL were randomized to receive either oral ferrous sulphate 200 mg thrice daily or required dose of intravenous iron sucrose 200 mg in 200 ml NS on alternate days. Hemoglobin was measured at recruitment and on 2nd week, 4th week and at 37 weeks. Adverse drug reactions were also noted in both the groups. Results were analyzed by student’s t-test and Chi-square test. Results: Haemoglobin values varied significantly with time between the two groups at second week, 4th week and at term (p<0.005). When compared to iron sucrose group, the oral iron group had significant gastro-intestinal adverse effects. Conclusions: Intravenous iron sucrose treated iron deficiency anaemia of pregnancy faster, and more effectively than oral iron therapy, with no serious adverse drug reactions.