Comparison of clinical efficacy between arthroscopy-assisted and open reduction and internal fixation in the treatment of Schatzker type I-III tibial plateau fractures / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy of arthroscopy-assisted and open reduction and internal fixation in the treatment of Schatzker type I-III tibial plateau fractures.Methods:The data of patients with Schatzker type I-III tibial plateau fractures who were treated from August 2017 to July 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the treatment, the patients were divided into the arthroscopic-assisted minimally invasive reduction and internal fixation group (arthroscopy group) and the conventional open reduction and internal fixation group (incision group). In the arthroscopy group, there were 30 patients, 19 males and 11 females were included; the age was 45.13±7.12 years old (range, 29-60 years). Among them, 13 cases were Schatzker type I fractures, 14 cases were Schatzker type II fractures, and 3 cases were Schatzker type III fractures. In the incision group, there were 30 patients, 17 males and 13 females were included; the age was 43.53±7.79 years old (range, 31-58 years). Among them, 11 cases were Schatzker type I fractures, 15 cases were Schatzker type II fractures, and 4 cases were Schatzker type III fractures. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative ambulation time, postoperative complete weight-bearing time and postoperative complications were recorded. The degree of knee joint swelling, knee flexion and extension range of motion and the American knee society knee score (AKS score) were compared between the arthroscopy group and the incision group.Results:Both groups were followed up. The follow-up time of the arthroscopy group were 10-18 months, with an average of 14 months; the follow-up time in the incision group were 12-18 months, with an average of 15 months. In the arthroscopy group, the operation time (87.60±9.20 min vs. 94.33±10.65 min), intraoperative blood loss (57.16±9.63 ml vs. 71.93±11.15 ml), postoperative ambulation time (5.13±1.28 d vs. 6.17±1.53 d) and postoperative complete weight-bearing time (12.83±1.68 weeks vs. 14.23±1.77 weeks) were superior to the incision group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.62, 5.49, 2.83, 3.94; all P<0.05). The healing time was 13.33±1.37 weeks in the arthroscopy group and 14.86±1.63 weeks in the incision group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=3.94, P<0.001). At 1 year after surgery, the range of flexion and extension of knee joint in the arthroscopy group was 116.77°±12.46°, which was better than that in the incision group, which was 109.13°±9.89°, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.63, P=0.011). The AKS score in the arthroscopy group was 164.57±11.16 points, and the score in the incision group was 149.53±14.77 points, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=4.45, P<0.001). There were no malunion or compartment syndrome in the arthroscopy group and the incision group. The total incidence of complications in the arthroscopy group was 13% (4/30), including 2 cases of poor wound healing, 2 of poor knee range of motion after operation. The total incidence of complications in the incision group was 23% (7/30), including 4 cases of poor wound healing, 1 of wound infection, 2 of poor knee range of motion after operation. And the difference between the two groups in complication incidence was not statistically significant (χ 2=1.00, P=0.317). Conclusion:Arthroscopic-assisted reduction and internal fixation in the treatment of Schatzker I-III tibial plateau fractures has the advantages of less trauma, less bleeding, early mobility, fewer complications, and better knee joint function, and there are no obvious arthroscopic-related complications, which is a safe and reliable treatment method.

Morphological characteristics and surgical strategy of complex hyperextension tibial plateau fracture / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To explore the morphological characteristics, treatment strategies and clinical results of complex hyperextension tibial plateau fractures.Methods:From October 2017 to January 2019, data of 27 patients with complex hyperextension tibial plateau fractures were retrospectively analyzed. There were 19 males and 8 females with an average age of 43.4 years (range, 23-68 years). According to Schatzker classification of tibial plateau fractures: there are 8 cases of type IV, 5 of type V, and 14 of type VI; according to the three-column theory classification: there are 8 cases of two-column fracture and 19 cases of three-column fracture. Bicondylar fractures were treated with medial Tomofix locking plate and anterolateral L-shaped locking plate through medial and anterolateral approach; tibialmedial condylar fractures was treated with T-shaped plate and posteromedial locking plate through extended medial approach. Patients with anterior tibial fractures were treated with horizontal strip plate through modified anterior median approach. Combined soft tissue or bone injury was repaired. The fracture healing and reduction were evaluated by X-ray and CT scan. The reduction of tibial plateau fracture was evaluated by Rasmussen radiology standard, and the knee joint function was evaluated 12 months after the operation by the score of American hospital for special surgery (HSS).Results:All the 27 surgeries were performedsuccessfully. The operation time was 130-350 minutes, with an average time of 165 minutes. Twenty-seven cases were followed up for 12-24 months, with an average period of 15.8 months. All fractures were healed. The average clinical healing time was 13.5 weeks (range, 10-18 weeks). Twelve months after operation, Rasmussen's radiology score was 13-18, with an average of 16.7 points, among them there were 19 excellent and 8 good. Twelve months after the operation, the score of HSS knee joint was 82-98, with an average score of 93.2 points, and there were 22 cases excellent, 4 cases good and 1 case fair. The excellent and good rate was 96.2% (26/27).Conclusion:Complex hyperextension tibial plateau fractures often combined with tibial bicondylar, medial tibial condyle or anterior tibial fractures. According to the morphological characteristics of complex hyperextension tibial plateau fractures, using appropriate surgical approach and internal fixation, repairing ligament soft tissue structure and reconstructing knee joint stability can achieve satisfactory results.

The options of surgical strategyin treatment for tibial tubercle fracture associated with bicondylar tibial plateau fracture / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To discuss how to make the surgical strategy for tibial tubercle fracture associated with bicondylar tibial plateau fracture.Methods:Data of thirty-five patients of tibial tubercle fractures associated with bicondylar tibial plateau fractures who were treated from October 2014 to May 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 26 males and 9 females with an average age of 37.6 years (range, 21-68 years). According to Schatzker classification in tibial plateau fracture, 16 cases were type V and 19 cases were type VI. According to the integrity of tibial tubercle fracture and cortical bone of the proximal tibia in bicondylar tibial plateau fracture, they were divided into four types: type A, tibial tubercle fracture fragment and cortical bone of the proximal tibia are both complete; type B, tibial tubercle fracture fragment is complete but cortical bone of the proximal tibia is comminuted; type C, tibial tubercle fracture fragment is comminuted but cortical bone of the proximal tibia is complete; type D, both of them are comminuted. The surgical approaches and fixation methods of all the tibial tubercle fractures were according to the four different types. There were 22 cases with type A and B that were treated via an anterolateral and a medial incision, 13 cases with type C and D were treated via an anterior midline and a medial incision. There were 4 cases belonging to type A fixed with lag screws singly, 18 cases with type B fixed with 1/4 tubular plates, 7 cases with type C and 6 cases with type D fixed by 1/4 tubular plates combined with lag screws.Results:Thirty-five patients were followed up for 16.8 months (range, 12-24 months). All fractures healed with an average time of 4.7 months (range, 3-6 months). Loss of reduction didn’t occur in 34 cases except one. According to Rasmussen radiographic evaluation, the average score was 14.1 (range, 10-18) and clinical outcomes were rated with excellent in 11 cases, good in 19, fair in 5. The excellent and good rate was 85.7% (30/35) . The mean Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scores of all cases were 86.8 (range, 64-98) and the functional scores were excellent in 22 cases, good in 10 cases and fair in 3 cases with the excellent and good rate of 91.4% (32/35) . Surgical complications included fat liquefaction in 2 cases, superficial wound infection in 1, loosening of implant in 1and traumatic arthritis in 1.Conclusion:This kind of tibial tubercle fracture associated with bicondylar tibial plateau fracture is rare and special. Therefore, the preoperative plan should be made by considering the morphological features of the tibial tubercle fragments and the cortical bone of the proximal tibia. The middle longitude approach is the best way to expose tibial tubercle fragments which should be fixed with 1/4 tubularplate and/or lag screws.

Relationship between urinary 8-oxo-Gsn and physical function in the elderly / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation between urinary 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydroguanosine(8-oxo-Gsn)and physical function in community-dwelling elderly people.Methods:A total of 210 community-dwelling elderly people aged 75 years and over were enrolled in this cross-sectional analysis.According to the scores of short physical performance battery(SPPB), subjects were divided into three groups: the high performance group(summary score 10-12), the intermediate performance group(summary score 7-9)and the low performance group(summary score 0-6). All participants received a comprehensive geriatric assessment.Urinary 8-oxo-dGsn, serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)and white blood cell count were measured.The correlation between urinary 8-oxo-Gsn and physical function was analyzed by using Pearson correlation analysis and the ordered Logistic regression model.Results:The scores of activities of daily living(ADL), instrumental activities of daily living(IADL), grip strength and gait speed were lower in the low performance group than in the other two groups( H=47.002, 110.902, F=11.962, 235.952, all P<0.001). Levels of urinary 8-oxo-Gsn and serum hs-CRP were higher in the low performance group than in the other two groups( F=23.780 and 13.259, both P<0.001). There was no significant difference in levels of urinary 8-oxo-dGsn or white blood cell count between the three groups(both P>0.05). Urinary 8-oxo-Gsn was negatively correlated with gait speed, grip strength and SPPB score( r=-0.559, -0.302 and-0.450, all P<0.001)and was positively correlated with the time of five-times-sit-to-stand test( r=0.290, P<0.001). Adjusting for age, gender and Charlson comorbidity index, the ordered Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated levels of urinary 8-oxo-Gsn( OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.06-1.77, P<0.05)and hs-CRP( OR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.04-1.48, P<0.05)decreased physical function. Conclusions:Urinary 8-oxo-Gsn is independently associated with the decline of physical function in community-dwelling elderly adults, suggesting that the oxidative stress level is increased in the elderly with poor physical function.

Long-term efficacy of bioprosthetic anal fistula plug in the treatment of transsphincteric anal fistula / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the long-term healing rate of transsphincteric anal fistula treated with anal fistula plug procedure and the risk factors affecting the healing of anal fistula.@*Methods@#A retrospective case-control study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 207 patients with transsphincteric anal fistulas who received anal fistula plug procedure at the Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University from August 2008 to September 2012. Inclusion criteria: (1) consistent with the diagnosis of transsphincteric anal fistula: the anal fistula passed through the internal and external sphincter; (2) complete data; (3) initial treatment with anal fistula plug procedure. Exclusion criteria: (1) acute rectal or perianal infection or poorly controlled focal infection; (2) recent incision and drainage of perianal abscess or spontaneous rupture of abscess; (3) patients with malignant tumor; (4) patients with Crohn′s disease or ulcerative colitis; (5) patients with heart, liver, brain, lung or renal insufficiency; (6) cachexia due to various chronic wasting diseases; (7) patients could not tolerate surgery. Patients were followed up for anal fistula healing. The cumulative healing rate of patients with transsphincteric anal fistula was plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the factors affecting anal fistula healing were explored by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.@*Results@#There were 186 males and 21 females with age of 15 to 69 (mean 38) years. The duration of anal fistula was 3-60 (mean 15) months. Three patients had a history of previous episodes of perianal abscess and underwent incision and drainage of perianal abscess (all more than 3 months). During follow-up ending on October 31, 2018, 72 patients (34.8%) were lost to follow-up. Among 135 patients who were successfully followed up, the average follow-up period was 96 (75-124) months. Seventy-five patients had anal fistula healing, with healing rate of 55.6%. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the healing time of anal fistula was prolonged and finally stabilized at 55.6%. In the patients who failed initial treatment with anal fistula plug packing, there were 6 cases whose anal fistula healed spontaneously without other treatment. Among them, 3 cases healed spontaneously 2 years and 3 cases 3 years after operation without recurrence. From 2008 to 2012, the annual healing rates of anal fistula plug treatment were 3/6, 61.5% (24/39), 42.1% (24/57), 12/15 and 12/18, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the duration of anal fistula≥6 months (OR=3.187, 95% CI: 1.361-7.466, P=0.008) was an independent risk factor for anal fistula healing after treatment with anal fistula plug.@*Conclusion@#The long-term efficacy of anal fistula plug procedure in the treatment of transsphincteric anal fistula is positive, and this procedure should be implemented as soon as possible.

The clinical feature and treatment strategy of tibial plateau fractures sustained with hyperextension varus / 中华骨科杂志

Objective@#To explore the clinical features and treatment strategies of tibial plateau fractures sustained with hyperextension varus.@*Methods@#Data of 11 patients of tibial plateau fractures with hyperextension varus treated from January 2008 to November 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 7 males and 4 females with an average age of 41.2 years old (range, 25-67 years). Injuries were caused by falling down in 7 cases, traffic accident in 3 cases, and falling from height in 1 case, respectively. On the basis of Luo's three columns classification in tibial plateau, there were 9 cases of medial column fracture and 2 cases of medial combined with posterior column fracture. Six cases were concomitant with fibular head fracture and 2 cases with the injury of common peroneal nerve. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed that there were anterior cruciate ligament injury in 3 cases, posterior cruciate ligament injury in 4 cases, medial meniscus injury in 5 cases, lateral meniscus injury in 3 cases, medial collateral ligament injury in 6 cases, iliotibial band injury in 2 cases and posterolateral complex injury of the knee joint in 9 cases, respectively. All tibial plateau fractures were treated firstly by open reduction and internal fixation via medial approach of the knee. The medial meniscuses and collateral ligaments were explored, in which of them there were 2 medial meniscuses with the marginal tear been sutured simultaneously. Then the knee joints which were still unstable after the examination of stable tests in 6 cases with posterolateral complex injuries were repaired surgically via lateral approach. Fibular head fractures were fixed with anchor nails or cannulated screws in 6 cases. The ruptured posterior cruciate ligaments in 2 cases were reconstructed with autologous tendon transplantation under endoscopy.@*Results@#All the patients were followed up for an average period of 16.2 months (range, 12-22 months). All fractures were healed in 10-20 weeks with an average time of 16.5 weeks. The range of extension of the affected knee joint in all patients was 0° and the average flexion was 135° (range, 120°-145°) one year after surgery. The average flexion of affected knee in 4 cases which were only treated with the tibial plateau fracture without the mild ligament injuries was 137° (range, 132°-145°) and the average flexion of affected knee in 7 cases who were treated with tibial plateau fracture and severe posterolateral complex included posterior cruciate ligaments completely broken with reconstruction was 132° (range, 120°-140°). According to Rasmussen radiographic evaluation, the average score of all patients was 16.3 (range, 14 to 18) and clinical outcomes were rated with excellent in 10 cases and good in 1. The excellent and good rate was 100% (11/11). The mean of the hospital for special surgery (HSS) score was 86.7 (range, 79-96) and the functional scores were excellent in 9 cases, good in 2 cases thus the excellent and good rate was 100% (11/11). Both varus stress test 30° and dial test were positive in one case considered for the ligament laxity postoperatively who didn’t accept further treatment and the stabilization tests were negative in the other 10 cases. There were no intraoperative complications in all patients such as neurovascular injury. No incision infection, failure of the implants and fracture nonunion occurred postoperatively. Traumatic arthritis of the affected knee occurred one year after surgery in 1 case who had no obvious pain after treated with oral medicine.@*Conclusion@#The hyperextension varus injuries of the knee are rare clinically. The posterolateral complex should be evaluated thoroughly for this injury pattern. If it's necessary, the posterolateral structures must be repaired surgically after the tibial plateau fractures are fixed.

Application value of biological mesh in the pelvic floor reconstruction of extralevator abdominoperineal excision for advanced low rectal cancer / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective To investigate the application value of biological mesh in the pelvic floor reconstruction of extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE) for advanced low rectal cancer (RC).Methods The retrospective cohort study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 228 patients with advanced low RC who underwent ELAPE in the Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University between August 2008 and December 2016 were collected.Of 228 patients,174 using biological mesh closure and 54 using primary closure were respectively allocated into the biological mesh group and primary closure group.Observation indicators:(1)intra-and post-operative situations;(2) postoperative complications (including short-term and long-term complications);(3) follow-up and survival situations.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect postoperative long-term complications,tumor recurrence or metastasis and overall survival up to December,2017.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as（ x） ±s,and comparison between groups was analyzed using the independent-sample t test.Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range),and comparison between groups was analyzed using the nonparametric test.Comparisons of count data were evaluated by the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability.Results (1)Intra-and post-operative situations:all the patients underwent successful ELAPE.The perineal operation time,time of indwelling perineal drainage-tube and hospital expenses were respectively (60 ± 50)minutes,(11.6 ± 2.4) days,(57 781± 11 337) yuan in the biological mesh group and (50±21) minutes,(8.9± 1.7) days,(53 714± 13 395)yuan in the primary closure group,with statistically significant differences between groups (t =3.327,7.691,-2.203,P＜0.05).The total operation time and duration of postoperative hospital stay were respectively (242±53) minutes,(13.0±5.0) days in the biological mesh group and (228±51) minutes,(12.0±5.0) days in the primary closure group,with no statistically significant difference between groups (t =1.701,1.309,P＞0.05).(2) Postoperative complications:26 and 19 patients in the biological mesh group and primary closure group had respectively perineal wound complications (1 patient combined with multiple complications),showing a statistically significant difference between groups (x2 =10.660,P＜0.05).The perineal wound infection,perineal hernia and disruption of perineal wound were respectively detected in 20,6,1 patients in the biological mesh group and 12,7,3 patients in the primary closure group,showing statistically significant differences between groups (x2 =3.931,5.282,P＜0.05).(3) Follow-up and survival situations:174 patients in the biological mesh group were followed up for 64 months (range,13-112 months),and 54 patients in the primary closure group were followed up for 51 months (range,23-76 months).The local recurrence rate,distal metastasis rate and overall survival rate were respectively 5.17％ (9/174),20.11％ (35/174),77.59％ (135/174) in the biological mesh group and 7.41％(4/54),24.07％(13/54),79.63％(43/54) in the primary closure group,with no statistically significant difference between groups (x2 =0.080,0.389,0.101,P＞0.05).Conclusions The biological mesh in the pelvic floor reconstruction of ELAPE for advanced low RC is safe and feasible.Compared with primary closure,biological mesh closure will extend perineal operation time and time of indwelling perineal drainage-tube,and increase hospital expenses,but doesn't affect total operation time and duration of postoperative hospital stay,meanwhile,it can also reduce the overall perineal wound complications,especially in perineal wound infection,perineal hernia and disruption of perineal wound.

Establishment of posterior tibial plateau partition and its clinical significance for surgical approach selection / 中华骨科杂志

Objective To explore the guiding significance of posterior tibial plateau partition for the selection of surgical approach in treatment for posterior column fracture.Methods From June 2008 to May 2015,46 patients with posterior column fractures of tibial plateaus treated were retrospectively analyzed.There were 31 males and 15 females with an average age of 35.1±12.8 years old (range,19-62 years).Nineteen patients were left side and twenty-seven patients were right side.Injury was caused by traffic accident in 27 cases,falling from bicycle in 12 cases and falling from height in 7 cases.On the basis of the posterior condyle with anatomical structure in tibia1 plateau,the posterior column was divided into four parts.All fractures were treated via the optimal approach based on the location of them.The posteromedial approach was used with fractures in zone 1 and 2,posterolateral approach used in zone 3,lateral approach via the fibular head osteotomy was used in zone 4 and combined approaches were used in multiple zones.All the fractures involved the posterior column were treated by anatomical reduction and fixation with plates and screws under direct vision.Results All the patients were followed up with an average of 15.5±3.7 months (range from 12 to 24 months).The healing time of all patients was 11-18 weeks,with an average time of 14.6±2.3 weeks.According to Rasmussen radiographic evaluation,the average score was 15.1 (range from 11 to 18) and clinical outcomes were rated with "excellent" in 17 cases,"good" in 24 cases,"fair" in 5 cases.The excellent and good rate was 89.1％ (41/46).The mean HSS (the Hospital for Special Surgery) score of all patients at 12 months operatively were 86.7±8.6 (range from 67 to 98) and the functional scores were excellent in 25 cases,good in 17 cases and fair in 4 cases with the excellent and good rate was 91.3％ (42/46).The average range of motion in affected knee was 118°±13.7° (range from 0° to 135°) in 17 cases via posterolateral approach,123°±15.6° (range from 0° to 135°) in 18 cases via posteromedial approach,115°±16.7° (range from 0° to 130°) in 18 cases via combined posteromedial and posterolateral approaches and 124°±7.4° (range from 0° to 130°) in 4 cases via the fibular head osteotomy lateral approach.Complications included fat liquefaction in 1 case,anterior tibial artery spasm in 1 case and traumatic arthritis in 1 case.Conclusion The partition of posterior tibial plateau can be used to guide the surgical approach to the posterior column simply and accurately.For the fractures of isolated posterior column and posterior column mainly involved,the partition has a certain guiding significance.

Study on expression profile of long non-coding RNA in colorectal carcinoma / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To analyze the differentially expressed long non-cording RNA (lncRNA) in human colon carcinoma tissue and paracancerous normal colon tissue. Methods Total RNA from the colon carcinoma tissues and paracancerous normal colon tissues of 6 patients from July to August 2015 in Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University were prepared respectively. The mRNA of total RNA was amplified, labeled and purified. Hybridization was performed with the profile chip, and the data were normalized and analyzed. Results Compared with normal tissues, 1 339 lncRNAs expressed differentially (P < 0.05), 53 lncRNAs were significantly differential (fold change > 2) in colon carcinoma tissues, in which 41 lncRNAs were up-regulation and 12 lncRNAs were down-regulation.Three lncRNAs had more than 3 times changes. Conclusion Obvious changes of lncRNA expression profile are observed in the pathogenesis of colon carcinoma,suggesting that lncRNA may be related to the progress of colon carcinoma.

Abdominal cocoon: A roport of 5 cases / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and treatment of abdominal cocoon.Methods Clinical data of 5 cases with abdominal cocoon in our hospital from October 2015 to February 2017 were analyzed.Results 5 patients with abdominal cocoon were recruited,including 3 males and 2 females.Of the 5 patients,one with gastric cancer,1 with colon cancer,2 with rectal cancer and 1 with cryptorchidism.All the patients have no symptoms of intestinal obstruction.Laparotomy revealed that all or part of small intestine had been wrapped in a layer of tough fibrous membrane.Excision of primary lesion without lysis of adhesions were done.No symptoms of intestinal obstruction and intestinal fistula occurred after operation.Conclusions The preoperative diagnosis of abdominal cocoon is difficult.It is often inadvertently found in the operation,asymptomatic patients,do not need treatment.

Application of modified purse-string closure in the wound following loop stoma reversal / 中华胃肠外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the safety and feasibility between modified circumferential purse-string closure and conventional primary linear closure of the wound following loop stoma reversal.@*METHODS@#Clinical data of 88 consecutive patients who underwent loop colostomy or loop ileostomy closures at our hospital from July 2011 to June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 43 cases underwent modified purse-string technique (modified purse-string group), 45 cases underwent direct suture (direct suture group). The operation method of modified purse-string suture was as follows: (1) the circumferential subcutaneous adipose tissue was sutured with the absorbable suture, avoiding tightening at knotting and retaining a 1 cm pore;(2)absorbable suture was used to perform purse-string suture of the dermis, retaining a 0.5 cm central pore when knotting; (3) a rubber drain was placed through the pore. The clinical parameters, surgical results and postoperative complication of two groups were recorded and compared.@*RESULTS@#There were 56 males and 32 females with age of (65.0±11.5) years old. Seventy-nine cases were malignant tumors, 6 were benign tumors and 3 were traumatic. There was no significant difference in the baseline data between two groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the direct suture group, the modified purse-string group had significantly lower wound infection rate [7.0%(3/43) vs. 24.4%(11/45), χ²=5.015, P=0.025]; significantly shorter postoperative hospital stay (mean 7.1 days vs. 8.6 days, t=-2.656, P=0.010); significantly lower total hospitalization costs (mean 25 668.4 yuan vs. 27 718.1 yuan, t=-2.488, P=0.015); however, the wound healing time of the modified purse-string group was significantly longer (mean 22.0 days vs. 13.0 days, t=5.701, P<0.001). The average healing time of the wounds in the direct suture group was 29.8 days, which was significantly longer than that of the first-stage healing cases (7.5 days, t=-15.446,P<0.001). The average wound healing time of the infected cases in the modified purse-string suture group was 22.0 days, compared with 22.1 days in the first-stage healing cases, the difference was not statistically significant(t=0.077,P=0.943).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Modified purse-string closure after loop stoma reversal is an appropriate technique with lower stoma site infection rate, shorter postoperative hospital stay and lower hospitalization cost than conventional primary closure, although wounds may take longer to heal in this approach.

Preliminary report on prospective, multicenter, open research of selective surgery after expandable stent combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of obstructive left hemicolon cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the safety and feasibility of neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior elective surgery following self-expanding metallic stents (SEMS) for complete obstructive left hemicolon cancer.@*METHODS@#This prospective, multicenter, open-labelled trial was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University(2016-ke-161-1) and registered in Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02972541).@*INCLUSION CRITERIA@#(1)age between 18 and 75 years old;(2) adenocarcinoma confirmed by pathology;(3) left hemicolon cancer confirmed by clinical manifestations and imaging examinations with the distance to anal verge > 15 cm; (4) resectable cancer evaluated by imaging examination without distant metastasis; (5) Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score ≤ 1 or Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) > 70, indicating tolerance of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and operation; (6) absence of chemotherapy or radiotherapy within past six months; (7) bone marrow system and hepatorenal function: hemoglobin ≥ 90 g/L, neutrophil ≥ 1.5×10/L, platelet ≥ 80×10/L, total bilirubin ≤ 1.5×ULN(upper limits of normal), serum transaminase ≤ 2.5×ULN, serum creatinine ≤ 1.0×ULN, endogenous creatinine clearance rate > 50 ml/min; (8) sign for informed consent.@*EXCLUSION CRITERIA@#(1) multiple primary colorectal cancer; (2) rejection of operation;(3) presenting peritonitis or bowel perforation before SEMS; (4) unqualified conditions proved by inspector from registration data. According to inclusion criteria, 62 consecutive patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to elective surgery following SEMS for complete obstructive left hemicolon cancer from Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University (n=31), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (n=14), the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (n=13), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University (n=2), the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University (n=2) between December 2015 and December 2017 were prospectively enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into neoadjuvant chemotherapy group and elective surgery group according to the investigator's clinical experience and patient's preference. Patients in the elective surgery group received surgery within one to two weeks after SEMS placement without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Those in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group received 2 cycles of CapeOX or 3 cycles of mFOLFOX6 neoadjuvant chemotherapy within one to two weeks after SEMS placement, and then underwent surgery within 3 weeks after finishing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Data between groups were compared using Student t-test, chi-square analysis or Fisher exact test analysis, including basic clinical informations, operational conditions and postoperative complications. The adverse reactions during the neoadjuvant chemotherapy were recorded. Surgical difficulty was assessed using visual analog scales ranging from 1 to 10, where 1 represented the lowest and 10 the highest degree of surgical difficulty, as judged by the surgeon.@*RESULTS@#The study included 38 males and 24 females with mean age of (64.8±8.8) years. The clinical baseline data between 2 groups were not significantly different (all P>0.05) except the average time interval between SEMS and surgery was significantly longer in neoadjuvant chemotherapy group [(61.6±13.5) days vs. (10.4±5.2) days, t=16.679, P0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior elective surgery following SEMS is a relatively safe and feasible approach in the treatment for obstructive left hemicolon cancer, and is associated with less stoma, more laparoscopic surgery, shorter operative time, less blood loss, lower surgical difficulty, and faster postoperative recovery as compared with conventional elective surgery.

Percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy for the treatment of dysphagia associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: preliminary results in 51 cases / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To discuss the clinical application of percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy (PRG) in treating dysphagia associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS),and to evaluate its safety and improvement effect on patient's nutritional status in ALS patients with pulmonary insufficiency.Methods The clinical data of 51 ALS patients who received PRG were retrospectively analyzed.The success rate of surgery and postoperative complications were recorded.All patients were regularly followed up,and the longterm complications as well as the one-,3-and 6-month mortality rates after the surgery were documented.The improvement of patient's nutritional status was evaluated.Results PRG was successfully accomplished in all 51 patients,the technical success rate was 100％.Mild postoperative complications occurred in 7 patients (13.73％) and severe massive hemorrhage in one patient (2.0％).After PRG,no signs or symptoms of impaired respiratory function were observed.No death occurred in one month and in 3 months after PRG.Six months after PRG,three patients died(6.8 ％,3/44).One month after PRG,31 patients had an increase in body weight of more than 1 kg,and the mean BMI was increased from preoperative t8.60±2.14 to postoperative 19.27±1.81 (one month after PRG),19.17±1.93 (3 month after PRG) and 18.89±2.33 (6 month after PRG).Conclusion For the performance of PRG no gastroscopy or anesthesia is needed,thus,the risk of aspiration asphyxia can be reduced in ALS patients complicated by pulmonary insufficiency and the success rate as well as the safety can be improved.Therefore,this technique is an effective means to ensure that the ALS patients with pulmonary insufficiency can get adequate energy intake to improve their nutritional status.

Laparoscopy combined with transperineal extralevator abdominoperineal excision for locally advanced low rectal cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the laparoscopy combined with transperineal extralevator abdominoperineal excision (TP-ELAPE) for locally advanced low rectal caner.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 12 patients with locally advanced low rectal cancer undergoing laparoscopy combined with TP-ELAPE in our department from May 2013 to March 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 8 male and 4 female patients with median aged of 63 (46 to 72) years. The median distance from tumor lower margin to anal verge was 3.5(2.0 to 4.0) cm. A self-made transanal suit for minimally invasive operation was used to make a sealed lacuna outside the sphincter, thus laparoscope can be applied to perform transperineal operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients underwent operations successfully without conversion to open abdominal operation. The median operating time was 206 (180 to 280) minutes with perineal operating time 95(80 to 120) minutes. The median intraoperative blood loss was 120(50 to 200) ml. The median postoperative hospital stay was 12(9 to 18 ) days. Postoperative pathology revealed that all circumferential margins (CRM) were negative. The area of sample horizontal section was (2 824±463) mm(2), and of outer muscularis propria was(2 190±476) mm(2). Postoperative complications included chronic sacrococcygeal region pain in 2 cases, urinary retention in 3 cases, perineal wound infection in 1 case. No perineal seroma, perineal hernia, wound dehiscence and sinus tract formation were observed. Among 8 patients with preoperative normal sexual function, sexual dysfunction occurred in 2 patients. There was no local recurrence and metastasis during a median follow-up of 21(12 to 34) months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Laparoscopy combined with TP-ELAPE has the potential to simplify the operation procedure for low rectal cancer, can ensure the radical treatment and safety of operation, and may be carried out in experienced centers.</p>

Anatomical and clinical study of a novel anterial cubital approach for ulnar coronoid fractures / 中华骨科杂志

Objective To investigate the feasibility of a noval anterior cubital approach for the coronoid via flexor?prona?tor teres interval and assess the clinical result. Methods Five formalin?fixed adult cadaver elbows were used. Through a single universal anteromedial longitudinal skin incision, the coronoid tip was exposed via pronator and flexor carpiradialis interval, and coronoid anteromedial facet and base via palm longus and flexor carpi ulnaris interval. The distances from the entry point to the muscles or branching point of the nerves to the line passing through medial and lateral epicondyles, as well as the length were mea?sured with regard to the motor nerve branches arising from median nerve to pronator teres, flexor carpiradialis, palm longus and flexor digiti superficialis, as well as the most proximal two motor branches to flexor carpi ulnaris arising from ulnar nerve. From September 2013 to August 2014, 4 male patients with ulnar coronoid fracture were treated operatively through the above anterior cubital approach in our hospital. They were all left side involved, with an average age of 32 years (range, 16-42 years). According to O’Driscoll classification, there were two cases of type Ib and two cases IIb respectively. They were all treated by open reduction and internal fixation through flexor?pronator teres interval. Results At cubital fossa, there were 2-3 branches to the pronator teres mostly, 1 branch to flexor carpiradialis and palm longus arising from median nerve. The branch to the flexor digiti superficia?lis usually was long and thick, and divided into 2-5 short twigs near muscle. The branch to palm longus had the same trunk with that to flexor digiti superficialis. The branch to flexor digiti superficialis was the most proximal among those passed through the in?terval of pronator teres and flexor carpiradialis, and its entry point to the muscle had an averaged distance of 37.22 mm to the line passing through medial and lateral humeral epicondyles. It was optimal to expose coronoid tip through the interval of pronator teres and flexor carpiradialis. It was safe to expose coronoid proximal to the branch to flexor digiti superficialis. While, it was better to expose the anteromedial facet and base of corocoid through the interval of palm longus and flexor carpiulnaris via median and ul?nar nerve interface. All of the four patients were followed up for an average period of 9 months. They all achieved bone union from 6 weeks to 3months (mean, 9 weeks). All the patients obtained excellent result according to the modified An&Morrey elbow per?formance index with scores from 94 to 100. Conclusion The novel anteromedial cubital approach via flexor?pronator teres is opti?mal for exposure of coronoid.

Risk factors associated with incisional surgical site infection in colorectal cancer surgery with primary anastomosis / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) and risk factors in colorectal cancer surgery patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between October 2003 and October 2013, 1 381 consecutive patients with colorectal cancer managed surgically with primary anastomosis were included in the study. There were 762 male and 619 female patients with mean body mass index (BMI) was (27.7 ± 3.7) kg/m², aged from 20 to 90 years with a median of 67 years. Patients undergoing emergency surgery and requiring stoma creation were excluded. The patients' characteristics, surgical conditions and prognosis were recorded. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to identify any variable predictive factors of SSI.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One hundred twenty-six (9.12%) cases developed incisional SSI. The occurrence time for SSI was from 2 to 20 days, mean (6.7 ± 2.9) days. According to multivariable logistic regression analysis, BMI (OR = 1.058, P = 0.030), intraoperative contamination (OR = 10.549, P = 0.000) and open operation as compared with a laparoscopic procedure (OR = 2.111, P = 0.001) were significant independent predictors of incisional SSI. There was a significant decrease in incisional SSI in wound protectors group (OR = 1.646, P = 0.012).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BMI and intraoperative contamination are independent predictors of incisional SSI, and wound protectors and laparoscopic surgery are associated with a lower incidence of incisional SSI following colorectal cancer surgery.</p>

Establishment of nude rat tumor xenograft model of human lung cancer cells A549：its clinical application / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the method for effective establishment of nude rat tumor xenograft model of human lung cancer cells A549 in order to provide the experimental basis for tumor-related interventional research in vivo. Methods A549 cell lines were subcutaneously transplanted in nude rats, then single-cell suspension or tumor tissue block were prepared when the tumor lesion was established. The single-cell suspension and tumor tissue block were transplanted into subcutaneous tissue behind ear in rats. The tumor formation rate, growth situation and cell cycle of primary xenograft tumor group, the secondary single-cell suspension group and the secondary tumor block group were evaluated. The results were analyzed. Results The tumor formation rate of the secondary tumor block group was significantly higher than that of the other two groups. The tumor cells quickly proliferated with less tumor variation. Tumor cell cycle analysis indicated that G2/M ratio of the secondary tumor block group was remarkably higher than that of the other two groups. Conclusion Transplantation with tumor tissue block can significantly increase the tumor formation rate of human lung cancer cells A549 in experimental rats. This technique is an effective method for the establishment of nude rat tumor xenograft model.

Inhibiting Effect of Different Administration Route of Gemcitabine Combined with Cisplatin on A549 Cell Lines / 天津医药

Objective To compare the inhibiting effect on human lung adenocarcinoma who were treated with gem?citabine combined with cisplatin chemotherapy through either arterial or intravenous route to explore the optimum adminis?tration route. Methods Human lung adenocarcinoma derived A549 cells were transplanted into 40 BALB/c-nu mice to es?tablish lung cancer model. The models were divided into 4 groups:animals in arterial or intravenous chemotherapy groups were treated with gemcitabine 150 mg/kg combined with cisplatin 10 mg/kg through either arterial route or intravenous route. Animals in negative control group were given normal saline through caudal vein while animals in sham operation group were treated with normal saline via arterial route. Then dynamical change of tumor volume and tumor inhibiting rate were assessed , and Bcl-2 and Caspase 3 expressions were investigated using western blot. Finally inhibiting effect were compared between these two different administration routes. Results Transplanted tumors in arterial and intravenous che?motherapy groups (especially in arterial group) were suppressed, in terms of mass of tumor(g:1.91±0.19, 2.61±0.21 vs 4.58± 0.46), compared to the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, tumor inhibiting rates in arterial chemotherapy group and ve?nous chemotherapy group are 57.6%and 42.4%respectively (P<0.05). Expression of Bcl-2 was down regulated while ex?pression of Caspase-3 was up regulated upon both arterial and intravenous chemotherapy. And arterial route showed much more obvious tumor apoptosis effect than venous route. Conclusion Arterial route of gemcitabine combined with cisplatin for lung adenocarcinoma treatment is more effective to restrain the tumor growth in clinical application.

Experimental study on the tropism of umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells for gastric carcinoma xenografts / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To investigate the possibility of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells' migrating to the gastric carcinoma xenografts. Methods Gastric cancer cells SGC-7901 were injected subcutaneously into one side of the inguinal groove in the hairless mice to establish the animal model.Gastric cancer-bearing mice were divided randomly into two groups and five in each group (n =5). Then mesenchymal stem cells and the fibroblast HFL-Ⅰ labeled with fluorescent dye SP-DiI were injected at the opposite side. Ten days later, the mice were put to death, and the gastric carcinoma xenografts, liver, spleen,lung and the tissue of injected point were obtained. Cryosections from frozen tissues were processed for fluorescent microscopy and the distribution of MSC and fibroblasts in different organs were observed. Adjacent sections were stained with HE. Results Human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells were mainly distributed in gastric carcinoma xenografts (0.0150±0.0079), but were found only a little in liver (0.0010±0.0005), spleen (0.0015±0.0012), lung (0.0014±0.0008) and injected point (0.0043±0.0039). Fibroblasts were mainly observed in the tissue of injected point, but none in other tissues (P ＜0.01). Conclusion Human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells have the tendency of migrating to tumor sites, suggesting that it can be hopefully used in the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.

Operative treatment of complex posterior tibial plateau fractures via posterior approach / 中华骨科杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical results of operative treatments for the complex posterior tibial plateau fractures via posterior approach. Methods Eleven cases with complex posterior tibial plateau fracture from June 2008 through June 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. There were 7 males and 4females, with age from 33 years to 60 years (average, 47.8 years). According to AO classification, there were 41-B2.2.4 type in 2 cases, 41-B3.1.2 type in 3, 41-B3.3.2 type in 3, 41-B3.1.2 type combined 41-B3.3.2 type in 2, 41-C3.3 type in 1. Carlson posterior lateral approach were used in 5 cases, posterior medial approach were used in 3 cases, and posterior medial and/or lateral approach combined with anterior approach were used in 3 cases. All fractures were fixed with plates. Autogenous ilium grafts were used if necessary.Results All cases were followed up. The average follow-up time was 1.6 years (range, 3-24 months). At the final follow-up visit, bone union was obtained in all cases. The mean Rasmussen score was 16.7 (range, 15-18), and the mean HSS was 86.2 (range, 75-96). The postoperative knee range of motion were 0°-135°, 0°-130° and -10°-125° in 5 cases with posterior lateral plateau fractures, 3 cases with posterior medial plateau fractures and 3 cases with anterior and posterior plateau and intercondylar fractures respectively. There was no vascular and nerve injuries. Loosing or breaking of hardware's was not found. Conclusion The Carlson posterior lateral and/or medial approach is preferred for the complex posterior plateau fractures, with the advantages of direct reduction and stabilization.