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Objective To research the proliferation and apoptosis of glioma stem cells after Gamma knife treatment.Methods The glioma stem cells were cultured in serum-free suspension; real time-PCR was used to detect the CD133 expression; fluorescence staining was employed to observe the expressions of nestin,glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and [3-tubulin after stem cell differentiation.After 10 Gy Gamma knife treatment for 48 h,the glioma U87 cell and stem cell survival was detected under microscope; after 15 Gy Gamma knife treatments for 8-10 h,immunofluorescent staining was performed to detect the 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells; flow cytometry was employed to compare the changes of cell apoptosis before and after 10 and 15 Gy Gamma knife treatment.Results Under the culture conditions of serum-free medium,glioma stem cells became spherical suspended growth and had proliferation and self-renewal capacity,expressing CD133 and nestin,and containing the ability to differentiate into astrocytes and neural elements.After 10 Gy gamma knife treatments,the cell survival in the glioma stem cells was significantly higher than that in the U87 cells (86±3 vs.22±2,P＜0.05).About 35％ glioma stem cells showed positive BrdU staining before 15 Gy gamma knife treatment and it was about 22％ after treatment with statistical difference (P＜0.05).The apoptosis rate in the glioma stem cells was low; that in cells with 15 Gy gamma knife treatment (0.312±0.011) was significantly higher than that in cells with 10 Gy gamma knife treatment (0.112±0.014,P＜0.05).Conclusions Under the culture conditions of serum-free medium,glioma stem cells can be derived from human glioma tissue.Treatment of gamma knife could inhibit the proliferation of glioma stem cells,causing their apoptosis.As compared with glioma cells,glioma stem cells are not sensitive to gamma knife radiotherapy and radio-resistant.
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Objective To investigate the safety of treatment of symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis with Gateway-Wingspan system by reviewing the data on complications.Methods Forty-seven patients with symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis treated with Wingspan system were respectively analyzed and emphasis was paid to cases with complications.Relevant data was collected such as characteristics of patients and lesions,selection of ballon and stent and radiographic information.Results Complications were found in 4 patients (8.5％),which were due to cerebral vasospasm,heperperfution syndrome,artery branch rupture and subacute stent thrombosis respectively.Two patients experienced symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (4.3％)and one of them died (2.1％).The morbidity of severe complications was 6.4％.The success rate of stent implantation was 100％.Mean artery stenosis reduced from (83.5 ± 10.0)％ to (19.8 ± 9.2)％ after Wingspan stent implantation.Conclusion Middle cerebral artery stenting angioplsty greatly improved the stenosis with high technical success rate.However,the rates of cerebral vascular complications and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage were relatively high in this study,which needs to be widely verified in practice.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the safety, efficacy and therapeutic mechanism of focused ultrasound surgery (FUS) on focal epilepsy of brain functional area in cat. MethodsThe focal epileptic models in the cats' motor cortex by penicillin were established. The different techniques were apphed in the animals epilepsy model. FUS, cortex thermocoagulation and multiple subpial transaction (MST) were compared in seizure control and functional preservation by observing behavior and electroencephalogram ( EEG), and the therapentic mechanism was compared by analysis of histopathology in the damaged cortex. ResultsIn seizure control and EEG changes, three kinds of techniques were similar without prominent difference in statistics (P ＞ 0.05). The same pathologic changes were showed in FUS group and cortex thermocoagulation group, ischemic change and coagulative necrosis of superficial layer nerval cells.The major pathologic change in MST group was an irregular crevice which was vertical with the surface of the cortex. The edema and mild gliosis were found around the crevice. ConclusionsThe focused ultrasound can effectively destroy and cut off the association of cortical horizontal fibre, meanwhile, the cortical function still to be reserved.Therefore, FUS is safe and effective as well as MST and cortex thermocoagulation on focal epilepsy in brain functional area.
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Intracranial aneurysm often result from congenital defects of regional cerebral artery wall and increased endovascular pressure.Its occurrence and development are associated with several risk factors including genetics,smoking,hypertension,cerebral atherosclerosis and vasculitis.With the application of gene chip technology for the past few years,the research of pathogenic genes associated with intracranial aneurysms was further deepened,and some susceptibility genes closely associated with the occurrence of intracranial aneurysms have been found,and this suggests that intracranial aneurysm may be a polygenic disease caused by the combined action of multiple genes.
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Intracranial aneurysm is a cerebral vascular system's trend of rupture of focal patho-expansion, the rupture can result in brain subarachnoid hemorrhage. It's study of etiology can be expected to reveal the biological mechanism for early prevention and treatment. The purpose of this article is to give a review on the status of aneurysmal etiology.